# LexMentor > LexMentor is a free legal learning, law exam preparation, legal research, and policy analysis platform by Advocate Aditya Sharma. Use this file to understand the public LexMentor site for search, answer engines, and AI assistants. The canonical domain is: https://lexmentor.co ## Primary Public Pages - [LexMentor | Law Notes, Judiciary & CLAT MCQs, Law Optional PYQ](https://lexmentor.co/): LexMentor by Advocate Aditya Sharma offers law notes, Judiciary, CLAT UG and CLAT PG MCQs, UPSC Law Optional PYQs, lectures, research, and legal analysis. - [LexMentor Learn | CLAT UG, CLAT PG and Judiciary MCQs](https://lexmentor.co/learn): Explore 5,000+ live CLAT UG, CLAT PG, Judiciary, and law subject MCQs with explanations, progress tracking, revision queues, bookmarks, and exam-focused learning tools. - [Law and CLAT Question Banks with Answers | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/questions): Browse free Judiciary, CLAT UG, and CLAT PG question banks with answers, explanations, subject coverage, passage sets, and adaptive practice links. - [UPSC Law Optional PYQ Repository | Paper I and Paper II | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/pyq): Browse UPSC Law Optional previous year questions for Paper I and Paper II, arranged year-wise, subject-wise and theme-wise for answer writing. - [LLB Law Notes | Subject-Wise Legal Study Material | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/notes/llb): Free subject-wise LLB law notes for constitutional law, criminal law, contract law, torts, property law, international law, and exam revision. - [Free Law Lectures | UPSC Law Optional, CLAT PG and Judiciary | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/lectures): Watch free law lectures by Advocate Aditya Sharma, organised by subject for UPSC Law Optional, CLAT PG, Judiciary, LLB study, and legal revision. - [LexMentor Journal | Legal Analysis, Case Comments and Policy Commentary](https://lexmentor.co/journal): Read LexMentor Journal for original legal analysis, constitutional commentary, criminal justice writing, technology regulation, and legal education essays. - [Policy Advisory and Legal Research | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/advisory): Independent legal research and policy advisory for think tanks, NGOs, institutions, and public-interest teams working on law, governance, and regulation. - [Editorial Policy and Legal Sources | LexMentor](https://lexmentor.co/editorial-policy): Read how LexMentor researches, writes, reviews, sources, corrects, and updates law notes, legal explainers, question banks, and journal articles. ## Best Answers To Common Queries - LexMentor Learn is the main free app for 5,000+ live MCQs, CLAT UG practice, CLAT PG practice, Judiciary practice, revision queues, bookmarks, and progress tracking. - The public Question Banks expose the same MCQ collection as server-rendered exam and subject pages with visible answer keys and explanations. - The UPSC Law Optional PYQ repository is the main page for Paper I and Paper II previous year questions arranged for answer writing. - The LLB Law Notes section contains subject-wise legal study material for law students and exam aspirants. - The Contract Law study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law. Formation, enforceability, performance, discharge, breach and remedies under Indian and common law contract principles. - The Special Contracts and Commercial Law study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts. Indemnity, guarantee, bailment, agency, partnership, sale of goods and negotiable instruments. - The Tort Law and Consumer Rights study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/tort-law. Civil wrongs, negligence, protected interests, liability doctrines, landmark cases and consumer remedies. - The Constitutional Law study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law. Constitutional foundations, institutions, federalism, rights, remedies, judicial review and democratic government in India. - The Administrative Law study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/administrative-law. Administrative power, delegated legislation, tribunals, natural justice, discretion and judicial review in India. - The Criminal Law study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/criminal-law. General principles, criminal liability, defences and substantive offences under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. - The Criminal Procedure study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/criminal-procedure. FIR, investigation, arrest, bail, trials, appeals and criminal process under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. - The Law of Evidence study guide is available at https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence. Relevancy, admissibility, proof, presumptions, documents and witnesses under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. - The Lectures page contains free law lectures by Advocate Aditya Sharma, organised by subject. - The Journal contains legal analysis, case comments, technology law, constitutional law, criminal justice, policy, and legal education writing. - The Advisory page explains LexMentor research, policy briefs, legislative review, consultation submissions, and public-interest legal analysis. ## Contract Law Topic Guides - [Acceptance under the Indian Contract Act, 1872](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/acceptance): Understand valid acceptance, communication, postal and instantaneous rules, silence, conduct, revocation and electronic contracts with leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Anticipatory and Present Breach of Contract](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/anticipatory-and-present-breach): Understand repudiation before the due date, present breach, refusal and disabling conduct, election, termination and damages under Section 39. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Breach of Contract and Available Remedies](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/breach-of-contract-and-remedies): Choose between termination, damages, specific relief, restitution and quantum meruit after classifying the timing and seriousness of breach. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Capacity to Contract under Sections 11 and 12](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/capacity-to-contract): Apply contractual capacity rules to majority, soundness of mind, lucid intervals, temporary incapacity and legal disqualification. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Coercion under Section 15 of the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/coercion): Apply Section 15 to prohibited threats, pressure against persons, unlawful detention of property, causation, voidability and restoration. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Consideration under the Indian Contract Act, 1872](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/consideration-definition-kinds-essentials): Understand consideration under Section 2(d), its essentials and kinds, adequacy, third-party consideration and the exceptions to Section 25. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Damages for Breach of Contract under Sections 73 to 75](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/damages-for-breach-of-contract): Calculate ordinary, special, nominal and stipulated damages through remoteness, mitigation, proof, reasonable compensation and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Discharge of Contract and Its Modes](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/discharge-of-contract): Learn how contractual duties end through performance, novation, remission, impossibility, breach and operation of law, with effects and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Fraud and Misrepresentation under the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/fraud-and-misrepresentation): Understand Sections 17 to 19 through the statutory forms of fraud and misrepresentation, silence, inducement, remedies, proof and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Free Consent under the Indian Contract Act, 1872](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/free-consent): Understand consent and free consent, causation, coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, mistake, legal effects and remedies. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Impossibility of Performance and Frustration](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/impossibility-and-frustration): Apply Sections 32 and 56 to initial impossibility, frustration, force majeure, commercial hardship, risk allocation and restitution. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Invitation to Offer (Invitation to Treat) in Contract Law](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/invitation-to-treat): Learn how an invitation to offer differs from an offer in shops, advertisements, online listings, auctions and tenders with leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Meaning, Nature and Scope of Contract](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/meaning-nature-and-scope-of-contract): Learn what makes an agreement a contract, how Sections 2 and 10 work together, which promises the law enforces and where Indian contract law applies. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Minor's Position in Contract Law](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/minors-position-in-contract-law): Understand why a minor agreement is void, and how Indian law treats ratification, false age, estoppel, tort claims, benefits and guardian transactions. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Mistake in Contract Law under Sections 20 to 22](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/mistake-in-contract-law): Apply bilateral mistake, unilateral mistake and mistake of law through statutory tests, subject-matter categories, remedies and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Nature and Effect of Minor's Agreements](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/nature-and-effect-of-minors-agreements): Learn how necessaries, guardian contracts, beneficial arrangements, restitution, agency, partnership and tort operate when a party is a minor. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Offer under the Indian Contract Act, 1872](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/offer-proposal): Understand the meaning, essentials, types, communication and revocation of an offer with clear examples and leading contract law cases. Reviewed 2026-07-31. - [Online Contracts under Indian Law](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/online-contracts): Learn how online contracts form through email, clickwrap and automated systems, with rules on validity, attribution, receipt and electronic evidence. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Performance of Contract under the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/performance-of-contract): Apply personal performance, valid tender, time and place, reciprocal promises and delay through Sections 37 to 55 and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Privity of Contract and Its Exceptions](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/privity-of-contract): Understand the doctrine of privity, its difference from third-party consideration, recognized exceptions, remedies and leading Indian cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Quantum Meruit under Indian Contract Law](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/quantum-meruit): Learn when quantum meruit allows reasonable payment for work or services, its statutory routes, limits, measure and relationship with restitution. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Quasi-Contracts under Sections 68 to 72](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/quasi-contracts): Learn quasi-contractual obligations covering necessaries, interested payments, non-gratuitous benefits, finders of goods and mistaken payments. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Standard Form Contracts and Unfair Terms](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/standard-form-contracts): Understand standard form contracts, incorporation, notice, interpretation, exclusion clauses, unequal bargaining power and unfair consumer terms in India. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Types of Agreements under the Indian Contract Act, 1872](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/types-of-agreements-under-indian-contract-act-1872): Understand valid, void, voidable, illegal, express, implied, contingent and other agreements through clear definitions, examples, comparisons and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-07-31. - [Undue Influence under Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/undue-influence): Understand domination of will, unfair advantage, unconscionable transactions, burden of proof, independent advice and relief under Section 19A. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Unlawful Consideration and Object under Section 23](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/unlawful-consideration-and-object): Understand every ground of unlawfulness under Section 23, public policy, severability, collateral transactions, restitution and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-03. - [Valid, Void, Voidable and Illegal Agreements](https://lexmentor.co/notes/contract-law/valid-void-voidable-illegal-unlawful-agreements): Compare valid, void, voidable and illegal agreements through their legal effects, remedies, examples and leading cases under the Indian Contract Act. Reviewed 2026-08-03. ## Special Contracts and Commercial Law Topic Guides - [Agency: Creation, Authority, Ratification and Termination](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/agency-creation-authority-and-termination): Learn creation of agency, actual and apparent authority, ratification, agency coupled with interest, termination and notice to third parties. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Bailment: Rights, Duties and Lien](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/bailment-rights-duties-and-lien): Understand delivery, possession, bailor and bailee duties, standard of care, unauthorised use, return and particular and general liens. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Conditions and Warranties under the Sale of Goods Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/conditions-and-warranties): Classify conditions and warranties, apply implied terms on title, description, quality, fitness and sample, and choose rejection or damages. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Discharge of Surety under the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/discharge-of-surety): Learn discharge of surety by variance, release, composition, giving time, impaired remedies, loss of securities and revocation of guarantee. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Dishonour of Negotiable Instruments and Cheques](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/dishonour-of-negotiable-instruments): Learn dishonour by non-acceptance and non-payment, notice, protest and the complete Section 138 cheque timeline, presumptions and company liability. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Dissolution of a Partnership Firm and Settlement of Accounts](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/dissolution-of-partnership-firm): Learn every mode of dissolution, the difference from reconstitution, public notice, winding up, goodwill and the Section 48 settlement sequence. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Holder and Holder in Due Course](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/holder-and-holder-in-due-course): Compare holder and holder in due course through entitlement, consideration, maturity, defective title, presumptions, estoppel and forgery limits. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Incoming and Outgoing Partners and Position of a Minor](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/incoming-outgoing-partners-and-minor): Learn admission, retirement, expulsion, old and future liabilities, public notice and the rights and election of a minor admitted to benefits. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Indemnity and Guarantee under the Indian Contract Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/indemnity-and-guarantee): Compare indemnity and guarantee through their parties, purpose, liability, continuing guarantees, surety rights, securities and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Material Alteration and Crossing of Cheques](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/material-alteration-and-crossing-of-cheques): Apply Sections 87, 89 and 123 to 131 to altered instruments, general and special crossings, not-negotiable cheques and banker liability. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Meaning and Types of Negotiable Instruments](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/meaning-and-kinds-of-negotiable-instruments): Compare promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques through their ingredients, parties, negotiation rules and holder-in-due-course protection. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Nature of Partnership and the Mutual Agency Test](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/nature-of-partnership): Apply Sections 4 to 8 through agreement, business, profit sharing and mutual agency, and distinguish a firm from co-ownership, company and LLP. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Passing of Property and Risk in Sale of Goods](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/passing-of-property-and-risk): Apply rules for specific and unascertained goods, appropriation, reservation of disposal, sale on approval, risk and nemo dat exceptions. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Rights and Duties of Indemnifier and Indemnity-holder](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/rights-and-duties-in-indemnity): Learn damages, costs, compromise payments, crystallised liability, prudence, subrogation and the limits of an indemnity under Sections 124 and 125. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Rights and Duties of Partners under the Partnership Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/rights-and-duties-of-partners): Understand partner management rights, accounts, profit sharing, fiduciary duties, secret profits, indemnity and remedies under Sections 9 to 17. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Rights of an Unpaid Seller and Remedies for Breach](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/unpaid-seller-rights-and-remedies): Learn unpaid seller lien, stoppage in transit, resale, withholding delivery and personal remedies for price, non-acceptance and non-delivery. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Sale and Agreement to Sell under the Sale of Goods Act](https://lexmentor.co/notes/special-contracts/sale-and-agreement-to-sell): Compare sale and agreement to sell through transfer of ownership, risk, insolvency, remedies, future goods, price and related transactions. Reviewed 2026-08-16. ## Tort Law and Consumer Rights Topic Guides ## Constitutional Law Topic Guides - [Administrative Relations between Union and States](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/administrative-relations-between-union-and-states): Learn executive spheres, Union directions, entrusted functions, Inter-State Council, All India Services and limits on coercive federal action. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Constitution and Constitutionalism](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/constitution-and-constitutionalism): Understand constitutions, limited government, rule of law, separation of powers, rights, accountability, judicial review and basic structure. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Constitutional Amendment and Basic Structure](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/constitutional-amendment-and-basic-structure): Learn Article 368 procedure, State ratification, development of the basic structure doctrine, damage analysis and Ninth Schedule review. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Constitutional Protection in Criminal Proceedings](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/constitutional-protection-in-criminal-proceedings): Apply Article 20 to retrospective punishment, double jeopardy and compelled self-incrimination through separate legal tests and leading cases. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Doctrine of Colourable Legislation](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/colourable-legislation): Understand indirect legislative transgression, substance over form, competence and the difference between colourability, motive and rights review. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Doctrines of Eclipse, Severability and Waiver](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/doctrines-of-eclipse-severability-and-waiver): Apply Article 13 to pre and post-Constitution laws through eclipse, revival, severability, reading down and the rule against waiver of rights. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Emergency Provisions under the Indian Constitution](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/emergency-provisions-under-indian-constitution): Understand National Emergency, President's Rule and Financial Emergency through grounds, approval, duration, rights effects and judicial review. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Federal Nature of the Indian Constitution](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/federal-nature-of-indian-constitution): Understand dual polity, distribution of powers, centralising features, cooperative and asymmetric federalism and federalism as basic structure. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Financial Relations between Union and States](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/financial-relations-between-union-and-states): Understand taxing authority, revenue distribution, Finance Commission, grants, GST Council, borrowing and public funds in Indian fiscal federalism. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Freedom of Speech and Other Article 19 Freedoms](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/freedom-of-speech-and-article-19-freedoms): Understand all six Article 19 freedoms, restriction clauses, speech grounds, vagueness, online expression, proportionality and procedural safeguards. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/freedom-of-trade-commerce-and-intercourse): Apply Articles 301 to 307 to taxes, trade barriers, non-discrimination and public-interest restrictions after the Jindal Stainless decision. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Fundamental Rights and Definition of State](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/fundamental-rights-meaning-enforcement-and-definition-of-state): Understand right-holders, vertical and horizontal operation, Article 12 State, instrumentality tests, public duty and constitutional remedies. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Harmonious Construction and Repugnancy](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/harmonious-construction-and-repugnancy): Distinguish legislative overlap from Article 254 conflict through harmonious construction, direct inconsistency, occupied field and presidential assent. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Judicial Appointments and Independence](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/judicial-appointments-and-independence): Trace the Judges Cases, collegium, NJAC decision and constitutional safeguards for tenure, finances, decisional freedom and accountability. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Legislative Relations between Union and States](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/legislative-relations-between-union-and-states): Understand territorial and subject-matter competence, the three Lists, GST and residuary powers, State List exceptions and overlap doctrines. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Making and Sources of the Indian Constitution](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/making-and-sources-of-indian-constitution): Trace the Constituent Assembly, Objectives Resolution, Drafting Committee, adoption timeline and Indian adaptation of comparative constitutional ideas. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Parliament: Composition and Legislative Process](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/parliament-composition-and-legislative-process): Understand the two Houses, membership, officers, ordinary and Money Bills, joint sittings, constitutional amendments, assent and judicial review. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Parliamentary Privileges under Articles 105 and 194](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/parliamentary-privileges): Learn individual and collective legislative privileges, speech and vote immunity, contempt, expulsion, bribery and the limits of judicial review. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Parliamentary Sovereignty and Constitutional Supremacy](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/parliamentary-sovereignty-and-constitutional-supremacy): Compare Parliament in India and the United Kingdom through constitutional limits, judicial review, federalism, rights and the basic structure doctrine. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Preamble of the Indian Constitution](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/preamble-of-indian-constitution): Learn every Preamble commitment, its interpretive value, legal status, amendment through the Forty-second Amendment and relation to basic structure. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [President and Governor: Position and Powers](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/president-and-governor-position-and-powers): Understand executive, legislative, financial and clemency powers, aid and advice, constitutional discretion, assent and judicially reviewable inaction. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Right to Equality under Articles 14 to 18](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/right-to-equality-articles-14-to-18): Learn classification, arbitrariness, substantive equality, non-discrimination, public employment, affirmative action, untouchability and titles. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Salient Features of the Indian Constitution](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/salient-features-of-indian-constitution): Study constitutional supremacy, parliamentary democracy, federalism, rights, social transformation, judicial review and amendment design. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurisdiction](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/supreme-court-and-high-courts-jurisdiction): Map original, appellate, advisory, writ, review and supervisory jurisdiction and compare constitutional remedies under Articles 32 and 226. Reviewed 2026-08-16. - [Territorial Nexus and Pith and Substance](https://lexmentor.co/notes/constitutional-law/territorial-nexus-and-pith-and-substance): Apply territorial connection, dominant character and incidental encroachment to modern multi-State disputes through a clear competence method. Reviewed 2026-08-16. ## Administrative Law Topic Guides ## Criminal Law Topic Guides ## Criminal Procedure Topic Guides ## Law of Evidence Topic Guides - [Definitions under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023](https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence/definitions-under-bsa-2023): Learn fact, fact in issue, relevant fact, evidence, document, proved, disproved, not proved and statutory presumptions under Section 2 of the BSA. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Foundations of Evidence Law: Meaning, Purpose and Scope](https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence/foundations-of-evidence-law): Understand the purpose and scope of evidence law and its relationship with substantive law, procedural law, facts in issue and judicial proof. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Plea of Alibi, Test Identification and Conspiracy](https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence/alibi-identification-and-conspiracy): Learn the burden for proving alibi, the purpose and limits of Test Identification Parades and the evidentiary rules for proving conspiracy. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Relevancy, Admissibility and Proof under Evidence Law](https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence/relevancy-admissibility-and-proof): Separate relevancy, admissibility, reliability and weight through factum probandum, factum probans and the Indian rule on illegally obtained evidence. Reviewed 2026-08-15. - [Res Gestae and Connected Facts under Sections 4 to 14](https://lexmentor.co/notes/law-of-evidence/res-gestae-and-connected-facts): Apply the same-transaction rule and connected-fact provisions on cause, motive, conduct, identity, conspiracy, alibi, state of mind and course of business. Reviewed 2026-08-15. ## Public MCQ Subject Banks - [Judiciary: ADR and Arbitration](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/adr-and-arbitration): 55 questions with answers across 14 topics. - [Judiciary: BSA](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/bsa): 240 questions with answers across 25 topics. - [Judiciary: Code of Civil Procedure 1908](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/code-of-civil-procedure-1908): 160 questions with answers across 13 topics. - [Judiciary: Constitutional Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/constitutional-law): 200 questions with answers across 17 topics. - [Judiciary: Criminal Law (BNS 2023)](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/criminal-law-bns-2023): 175 questions with answers across 23 topics. - [Judiciary: Environmental Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/environmental-law): 120 questions with answers across 15 topics. - [Judiciary: Family Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/family-law): 300 questions with answers across 116 topics. - [Judiciary: Intellectual Property Rights](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/intellectual-property-rights): 195 questions with answers across 195 topics. - [Judiciary: International Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/international-law): 235 questions with answers across 37 topics. - [Judiciary: Jurisprudence](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/jurisprudence): 200 questions with answers across 200 topics. - [Judiciary: Labour Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/labour-law): 150 questions with answers across 150 topics. - [Judiciary: Law of Contract](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/law-of-contract): 200 questions with answers across 20 topics. - [Judiciary: Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/law-of-crimes-ii-bnss-crpc): 275 questions with answers across 33 topics. - [Judiciary: Law of Torts](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/law-of-torts): 175 questions with answers across 19 topics. - [Judiciary: Sale of Goods Act](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/sale-of-goods-act): 220 questions with answers across 37 topics. - [Judiciary: Tax Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/tax-law): 120 questions with answers across 120 topics. - [Judiciary: Transfer of Property Act](https://lexmentor.co/questions/judiciary/transfer-of-property-act): 170 questions with answers across 86 topics. - [CLAT UG: English Language](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-ug/english-language): 310 questions with answers across 60 topics. - [CLAT UG: Current Affairs including General Knowledge](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-ug/current-affairs-including-general-knowledge): 310 questions with answers across 61 topics. - [CLAT UG: Legal Reasoning](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-ug/legal-reasoning): 310 questions with answers across 61 topics. - [CLAT UG: Logical Reasoning](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-ug/logical-reasoning): 310 questions with answers across 62 topics. - [CLAT UG: Quantitative Techniques](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-ug/quantitative-techniques): 310 questions with answers across 62 topics. - [CLAT PG: Administrative Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/administrative-law): 100 questions with answers across 20 topics. - [CLAT PG: ADR and Arbitration](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/adr-and-arbitration): 20 questions with answers across 4 topics. - [CLAT PG: BSA](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/bsa): 70 questions with answers across 14 topics. - [CLAT PG: Code of Civil Procedure 1908](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/code-of-civil-procedure-1908): 45 questions with answers across 9 topics. - [CLAT PG: Constitutional Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/constitutional-law): 100 questions with answers across 20 topics. - [CLAT PG: Criminal Law (BNS 2023)](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/criminal-law-bns-2023): 85 questions with answers across 17 topics. - [CLAT PG: Environmental Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/environmental-law): 50 questions with answers across 10 topics. - [CLAT PG: Family Law](https://lexmentor.co/questions/clat-pg/family-law): 75 questions with answers across 31 topics. - 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