Commercial Law Study Guide

Special Contracts

A structured guide to commercial relationships built on the Indian Contract Act, partnership law, sale of goods and negotiable instruments. Each topic connects statutory rules with practical problems, cases and concise exam analysis.

Core modules
4
Topics mapped
17
Detailed guides
17
Landmark cases
23

Start with risk allocation

Indemnity, guarantee and surety belong together

IndemnityGuaranteeSurety
Begin the guide

Core module

Indemnity, Guarantee, Bailment and Agency

  1. 01Indemnity and GuaranteeDefinitions, parties, nature of liability, consideration and continuing guarantees.Read guide
  2. 02Rights and Duties in IndemnityProtected loss, damages, costs, compromise payments and the point at which liability arises.Read guide
  3. 03Discharge of SuretyVariance, release, giving time, impaired remedies, securities and continuing guarantees.Read guide
  4. 04Bailment and LienDelivery of possession, standard of care, return of goods and particular and general liens.Read guide
  5. 05Agency: Creation and TerminationPrincipal, agent, authority, ratification, apparent authority and termination.Read guide

Core module

Partnership

  1. 01Nature of a Partnership FirmAgreement, profit sharing, mutual agency, partnership at will and the legal position of a firm.Read guide
  2. 02Rights and Duties of PartnersGood faith, management, accounts, profits, losses, indemnity and firm property.Read guide
  3. 03Incoming and Outgoing Partners and the Position of a MinorAdmission, retirement, expulsion, continuing liability, public notice and a minor's benefits.Read guide
  4. 04Dissolution and Its ConsequencesModes of dissolution, public notice, winding up, accounts and goodwill.Read guide

Core module

Sale of Goods

  1. 01Sale and Agreement to SellMeaning, essentials, future goods, transfer of ownership and consequences of insolvency.Read guide
  2. 02Conditions and WarrantiesExpress and implied terms, rejection, damages, title, description, fitness, quality and sample.Read guide
  3. 03Passing of Property and RiskIntention, specific and unascertained goods, appropriation, reservation of disposal and risk.Read guide
  4. 04Rights of an Unpaid Seller and Remedies for BreachLien, stoppage in transit, resale, withholding delivery and personal remedies for breach.Read guide

Core module

Negotiable Instruments

  1. 01Meaning and Kinds of Negotiable InstrumentsPromissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, parties, negotiation and essential characteristics.Read guide
  2. 02Holder and Holder in Due CoursePossession, entitlement, consideration, good faith, defects in title and statutory privileges.Read guide
  3. 03Material Alteration and Crossing of ChequesVoid alterations, consent, general and special crossing, not negotiable and banker protection.Read guide
  4. 04Dishonour of Negotiable InstrumentsNon-acceptance, non-payment, notice and the complete Section 138 cheque-bounce framework.Read guide

Case law index

Foundational cases in this guide

Each authority appears where its principle is used, with a short exam function.

  1. Gajanan Moreshwar Parelkar v. Moreshwar Madan Mantri AIR 1942 Bom 302
  2. Bank of Bihar Ltd. v. Damodar Prasad AIR 1969 SC 297
  3. State Bank of Saurashtra v. Chitranjan Rangnath Raja (1980) 4 SCC 516
  4. State of Gujarat v. Memon Mahomed Haji Hasam AIR 1967 SC 1885
  5. Kaliaperumal Pillai v. Visalakshmi AIR 1938 Mad 32
  6. Pannalal Jankidas v. Mohanlal AIR 1951 SC 144
  7. Bolton Partners v. Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 295
  8. Cox v. Hickman (1860) 8 HL Cas 268
  9. Dulichand Laxminarayan v. Commissioner of Income Tax AIR 1956 SC 354
  10. Commissioner of Income Tax v. Dwarkadas Khetan & Co. AIR 1961 SC 680
  11. Garner v. Murray [1904] 1 Ch 57
  12. State of Madras v. Gannon Dunkerley & Co. AIR 1958 SC 560
  13. Baldry v. Marshall [1925] 1 KB 260
  14. Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85
  15. Re Wait [1927] 1 Ch 606
  16. Jute and Gunny Brokers Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1961 SC 1214
  17. P.S.N.S. Ambalavana Chettiar & Co. v. Express Newspapers Ltd. AIR 1968 SC 741
  18. U. Ponnappa Moothan Sons v. Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd. AIR 1991 SC 441
  19. Loonkaran Sethia v. Ivan E. John AIR 1977 SC 336
  20. Indian Overseas Bank v. Industrial Chain Concern (1990) 1 SCC 484
  21. Rangappa v. Sri Mohan (2010) 11 SCC 441
  22. Bir Singh v. Mukesh Kumar (2019) 4 SCC 197
  23. C.C. Alavi Haji v. Palapetty Muhammed (2007) 6 SCC 555
Coverage

The sequence follows the core commercial-law progression from special contractual relationships to business organizations, goods and payment instruments.