UPSC Law Optional, Paper I and II

Contract and Mercantile Law UPSC Law Optional PYQs, Page 3

UPSC Law Optional Contract and Mercantile Law previous year questions 62-92 of 277, arranged for doctrine revision, case-law planning, and answer writing.

277 questions62-92 on this page9 pages

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What this archive covers

formation, consent, breach, remedies, agency, sale of goods, partnership, negotiable instruments, and commercial obligations.

Paper I source PDF Paper II source PDF Related law MCQs

2019Paper IIQ6(b)Section B

Question 62

Examine the role of the National Green Tribunal in addressing environmental disputes and protecting the environment. Discuss relevant judicial pronouncements.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q6(b), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ6(c)Section B

Question 63

Elaborate the challenges of jurisdiction in the law of cyber crimes with the help of relevant provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and relevant tests.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q6(c), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ7(a)Section B

Question 64

Explain the dimensions of unjust enrichment under the law of contracts and the remedies available to the aggrieved party.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q7(a), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ7(b)Section B

Question 65

Explain the effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in India with the help of relevant provisions and decided cases.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q7(b), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ7(c)Section B

Question 66

Elucidate the dimensions of risk allocation in contracts relating to sale of goods.

Sale of Goods and Commercial Transfer

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q7(c), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ8(a)Section B

Question 67

Explain the conflict between access to knowledge and the protection of copyright. Discuss the doctrine of 'fair dealing' and its application in this context.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q8(a), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ8(b)Section B

Question 68

Examine the principle of finality of arbitral awards. Discuss recent developments in alternative dispute resolution in India.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q8(b), source page 120.

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2019Paper IIQ8(c)Section B

Question 69

Elucidate the interaction between competition policy and resource allocation in the context of the new economic scenario.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2019, Paper II, Q8(c), source page 120.

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2018Paper IIQ5(a)Section B

Question 70

If certain goods are displayed either in a show window or inside the shop and such goods bear price tags, discuss whether such display amounts to an offer to sell. Explain the distinction between offer and invitation to offer with the help of decided cases.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q5(a), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ5(b)Section B

Question 71

In an action to avoid a contract on the ground of undue influence, the plaintiff has to prove two points. Explain those points and different kinds of relations leading to presumption of undue influence which vitiates free consent.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q5(b), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ5(c)Section B

Question 72

Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 makes agreements in restraint of legal proceedings void. Are there any exceptions to this rule? Discuss with the help of relevant provisions and decided cases.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q5(c), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ5(d)Section B

Question 73

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India, of late has been used not only to represent the unrepresented and weak but also to advance the interest of others. Comment on the recent trends relating to the application, use and misuse of PIL in India.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q5(d), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ5(e)Section B

Question 74

In spite of introduction and recognition of Technological Protection Measures (TPMSs), the digital copyright continues to be unsafe and unsecured. Explain the impact of the 2012 Amendments to the Copyright Act, 1957 on the protection of digital copyright in India.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q5(e), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ6(a)Section B

Question 75

It is well settled that if and when there is frustration, the dissolution of the contract occurs automatically. It does not depend on the choice or election of either party. It depends on the effect of what has actually happened on the possibility of performing the contract." Discuss the effects of frustration of contract. 20.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q6(a), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ6(b)Section B

Question 76

If a person falsely represents that he is an agent of another, the principal may ratify the act even though the same was done without his authority." Discuss, in the light of the above statement, the essentials of valid ratification and its effect. 15.

Agency and Representation

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q6(b), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ6(c)Section B

Question 77

"Sustainable development" has been accepted as a balancing concept between ecology and development. Discuss the recognition and application of this principle under the laws relating to environmental protection in India.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q6(c), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ7(b)Section B

Question 78

E-governance represents a new form of governance which needs dynamic laws, keeping pace with the technological advancement." Comment on the adequacy of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in ensuring effective E-governance in India. 15.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q7(b), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ7(c)Section B

Question 79

Even though Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides for out of court settlement of civil disputes filed in a civil, the impact of such settlement through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) appears to be poor. Analyse the reasons for failure to settle the disputes through ADR modes. 15.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q7(c), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ8(a)Section B

Question 80

The courts have found it very difficult to come to the rescue of the weaker party to a standard form contract, and thus evolved certain modes to protect such weaker party against the possibility of exploitation inherent in such contracts. Explain the modes of protection available to weaker party in a standard form contract. 20.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q8(a), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ8(b)Section B

Question 81

Trial by media appears to be an affront to the concept of free and fair trail in criminal cases, apart from being a kind of contempt of court in certain cases. Analysis the impact of trial by media on the administration of criminal justice in general and on the stakeholders in particular. 15.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q8(b), source page 108.

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2018Paper IIQ8(c)Section B

Question 82

Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of Nation, observed that the meaning of real freedom is not to acquire authority by few but to acquire the capacity to question the abuse of such authority." Examine, in the light of the above statement, the obligations of the public authorities and explain whether they have discharged it effectively during the last about seven decades. 15.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2018, Paper II, Q8(c), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ5(a)Section B

Question 83

Minority can only be claimed as a shield but not as a sword." Explain the statement and mention the situations when a minor is liable under the law of contract.

Capacity, Minor and Necessaries

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q5(a), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ5(b)Section B

Question 84

Public policy is like an 'unruly horse' which cannot be controlled easily." Explain the statement and mention the agreements which are against public policy.

Public Policy and Validity

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q5(b), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ5(c)Section B

Question 85

Right to stoppage of goods in transit starts when right to lien ends". Discuss.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q5(c), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ5(d)Section B

Question 86

Discuss the various defences which can be pleaded by the defendant in an action for infringement of copyright under the Copyright Act, 1957.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q5(d), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ5(e)Section B

Question 87

When does the infringement of trademark occur? Discuss the essentials of infringement of trademark. Write down the acts not constituting infringement of registered trademark.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q5(e), source page 108.

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2017Paper IIQ6(a)Section B

Question 88

Discuss the constitution, jurisdiction, powers and authority of National Green Tribunal. How far has it been successful in achieving its objectives? Explain with the help of recent cases.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q6(a), source page 103.

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2017Paper IIQ6(b)Section B

Question 89

Revocation of proposal is death of the proposal." Explain the statement and mention the manners of revocation.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q6(b), source page 103.

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2017Paper IIQ6(c)Section B

Question 90

Explain 'holder' and 'holder' in due course', and distinguish between the two. Also discuss their rights.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q6(c), source page 103.

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2017Paper IIQ7(b)Section B

Question 91

Public interest litigation has played a very crucial role in protection of environment in India." Elucidate and illustrate with the help of decided cases.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q7(b), source page 103.

Direct link to this question

2017Paper IIQ7(c)Section B

Question 92

Notwithstanding transparency of governance, certain information's have been exempted from disclosure under the rights to information Act, 2005." Discuss the relevant provisions and limitations on disclosure of information.

Contract and Mercantile Law - General

Source reference: UPSC Law Optional 2017, Paper II, Q7(c), source page 103.

Direct link to this question

What this archive covers

Examine the role of the National Green Tribunal in addressing environmental disputes and protecting the environment. Discuss relevant judicial pronouncements.

Elaborate the challenges of jurisdiction in the law of cyber crimes with the help of relevant provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and relevant tests.

Explain the dimensions of unjust enrichment under the law of contracts and the remedies available to the aggrieved party.

Explain the effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in India with the help of relevant provisions and decided cases.

Elucidate the dimensions of risk allocation in contracts relating to sale of goods.

Explain the conflict between access to knowledge and the protection of copyright. Discuss the doctrine of 'fair dealing' and its application in this context.

Examine the principle of finality of arbitral awards. Discuss recent developments in alternative dispute resolution in India.

Elucidate the interaction between competition policy and resource allocation in the context of the new economic scenario.

If certain goods are displayed either in a show window or inside the shop and such goods bear price tags, discuss whether such display amounts to an offer to sell. Explain the distinction between offer and invitation to offer with the help of decided cases.

In an action to avoid a contract on the ground of undue influence, the plaintiff has to prove two points. Explain those points and different kinds of relations leading to presumption of undue influence which vitiates free consent.

Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 makes agreements in restraint of legal proceedings void. Are there any exceptions to this rule? Discuss with the help of relevant provisions and decided cases.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India, of late has been used not only to represent the unrepresented and weak but also to advance the interest of others. Comment on the recent trends relating to the application, use and misuse of PIL in India.

In spite of introduction and recognition of Technological Protection Measures (TPMSs), the digital copyright continues to be unsafe and unsecured. Explain the impact of the 2012 Amendments to the Copyright Act, 1957 on the protection of digital copyright in India.

If a person falsely represents that he is an agent of another, the principal may ratify the act even though the same was done without his authority." Discuss, in the light of the above statement, the essentials of valid ratification and its effect. 15.

"Sustainable development" has been accepted as a balancing concept between ecology and development. Discuss the recognition and application of this principle under the laws relating to environmental protection in India.

E-governance represents a new form of governance which needs dynamic laws, keeping pace with the technological advancement." Comment on the adequacy of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in ensuring effective E-governance in India. 15.

Trial by media appears to be an affront to the concept of free and fair trail in criminal cases, apart from being a kind of contempt of court in certain cases. Analysis the impact of trial by media on the administration of criminal justice in general and on the stakeholders in particular. 15.

Minority can only be claimed as a shield but not as a sword." Explain the statement and mention the situations when a minor is liable under the law of contract.

Public policy is like an 'unruly horse' which cannot be controlled easily." Explain the statement and mention the agreements which are against public policy.

Right to stoppage of goods in transit starts when right to lien ends". Discuss.

Discuss the various defences which can be pleaded by the defendant in an action for infringement of copyright under the Copyright Act, 1957.

When does the infringement of trademark occur? Discuss the essentials of infringement of trademark. Write down the acts not constituting infringement of registered trademark.

Discuss the constitution, jurisdiction, powers and authority of National Green Tribunal. How far has it been successful in achieving its objectives? Explain with the help of recent cases.

Revocation of proposal is death of the proposal." Explain the statement and mention the manners of revocation.

Explain 'holder' and 'holder' in due course', and distinguish between the two. Also discuss their rights.

Public interest litigation has played a very crucial role in protection of environment in India." Elucidate and illustrate with the help of decided cases.

Notwithstanding transparency of governance, certain information's have been exempted from disclosure under the rights to information Act, 2005." Discuss the relevant provisions and limitations on disclosure of information.

Other Law Optional subjects