Judiciary question bank
Judiciary Sale of Goods Act questions 25-48 of 220, with answer keys and explanations covering conditions, warranties, transfer of property, delivery, unpaid seller rights, auction sales, and buyer remedies.
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Practice judiciary exam MCQs with answers and explanations across substantive law, procedure, evidence, constitutional law, and state judicial service subjects.
Collateral to the main purpose only
Essential to the main purpose of the contract
Always implied and never express
That can never be waived
Correct answer: B. Essential to the main purpose of the contract
Section 12 treats a condition as a stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract. Breach ordinarily gives a right to reject and claim damages.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 12
A rule of criminal liability
A transfer of property document
An auctioneer certificate
A stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract
Correct answer: D. A stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract
A warranty is collateral to the main purpose. Its breach usually gives a right to damages, but not a right to reject goods and treat the contract as repudiated.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 12
Automatic imprisonment of seller
Cancellation of every connected contract
Rejection of goods in every case
Damages or diminution/extinction of price
Correct answer: D. Damages or diminution/extinction of price
Section 59 allows breach of warranty to be used to reduce or extinguish price, or as the basis of an action for damages.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 59
Whether the buyer is a merchant
The name used by parties alone
The construction of the contract and importance of the term
The amount of court fee
Correct answer: C. The construction of the contract and importance of the term
Section 12 says a stipulation may be a condition though called a warranty, and vice versa. Substance and contractual importance matter more than labels.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 12
Waiving the condition or choosing not to reject the goods
Filing a police complaint
Transferring goods to a stranger automatically
Refusing to inspect goods
Correct answer: A. Waiving the condition or choosing not to reject the goods
Section 13 permits the buyer to waive a condition or elect to treat its breach as breach of warranty, thereby limiting the remedy to damages.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 13
A breach of warranty, unless the contract shows a different intention
No breach at all
A void agreement
A ground for criminal forfeiture
Correct answer: A. A breach of warranty, unless the contract shows a different intention
Section 13 limits rejection after acceptance in non-severable contracts, subject to contrary intention. The buyer may still claim damages.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 13
The seller loses all remedies
The contract is void
The buyer has accepted all goods under all parts
The buyer must pay double price
Correct answer: C. The buyer has accepted all goods under all parts
Severability matters because rights may be assessed part-wise. Section 13 itself distinguishes severable from non-severable contracts.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 13
Prevents any claim for damages
Balances commercial finality with compensation
Makes every buyer remedy criminal
Abolishes conditions entirely
Correct answer: B. Balances commercial finality with compensation
The rule protects finality in commercial dealings after goods are accepted while preserving a damages remedy for the buyer.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 13
Will deliver within one hour
Has a right to sell the goods, or will have it when property is to pass
Will always provide a manufacturer guarantee
Will personally manufacture the goods
Correct answer: B. Has a right to sell the goods, or will have it when property is to pass
Section 14(a) implies a condition as to title. In sale, the seller must have a right to sell; in agreement to sell, such right must exist when property is to pass.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 14(a)
The goods will be noiseless
The seller will store goods forever
The buyer cannot sue for title defect
The buyer shall enjoy possession without disturbance from persons with superior title
Correct answer: D. The buyer shall enjoy possession without disturbance from persons with superior title
Section 14(b) protects the buyer against disturbance of possession arising from title defects or superior claims.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 14(b)
Any delay caused by buyer
Every change in market demand
Price fluctuation
Undisclosed charge or encumbrance in favour of a third party
Correct answer: D. Undisclosed charge or encumbrance in favour of a third party
The seller impliedly warrants that goods shall be free from any charge or encumbrance not declared or known to the buyer before or at the time of contract.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 14(c)
The buyer was negligent in bargaining
There is total failure of consideration
The buyer inspected the goods
The sale was by auction
Correct answer: B. There is total failure of consideration
A seller without title cannot provide the essential benefit of ownership. The title condition is central to the contract of sale.
Source note: Rowland v. Divall / Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 14
Goods must correspond with the description
Goods must be sold only by sample
Buyer must accept goods regardless of description
Seller must provide credit
Correct answer: A. Goods must correspond with the description
Section 15 states that goods must correspond with description. If they do not, the buyer may reject for breach of condition.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 15
The buyer signs a mortgage deed
The goods are immovable
The price is absent
The buyer relies on the descriptive identity of the goods
Correct answer: D. The buyer relies on the descriptive identity of the goods
Seeing goods does not always eliminate reliance on description. If the goods are identified commercially by description, Section 15 may apply.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 15
Be different from the sample
Be approved by a public officer
Correspond with the sample in quality
Always be delivered by sea
Correct answer: C. Correspond with the sample in quality
Section 17 implies that the bulk shall correspond with the sample in quality.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 17
Seller insolvency after payment
Defects making goods unmerchantable which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample
Every fall in market price
All defects apparent on casual inspection
Correct answer: B. Defects making goods unmerchantable which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample
Section 17 protects the buyer where defects are latent and not discoverable on reasonable examination of the sample.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 17
Makes the particular purpose known and relies on seller skill or judgment
Always buys goods by auction
Pays price in advance only
Never inspects goods
Correct answer: A. Makes the particular purpose known and relies on seller skill or judgment
Section 16(1) requires purpose to be made known, expressly or by implication, and reliance on the seller skill or judgment.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(1)
The seller is unpaid
Goods are future goods
The sale is by sample
The buyer does not rely on seller skill or judgment
Correct answer: D. The buyer does not rely on seller skill or judgment
The proviso to Section 16(1) limits the fitness condition where the buyer relies on the trade name rather than the seller skill or judgment.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(1) proviso
Only auction sale of immovable property
Only sale of old coins
Goods sold by description from a seller dealing in such goods
Any casual private sale of identified goods
Correct answer: C. Goods sold by description from a seller dealing in such goods
Section 16(2) applies where goods are bought by description from a seller who deals in goods of that description.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(2)
The price term
Defects which such examination ought to have revealed
All hidden defects in every case
The seller title
Correct answer: B. Defects which such examination ought to have revealed
Section 16(2) proviso excludes protection for defects which the buyer examination ought to have revealed.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(2) proviso
Let the buyer beware
Let the seller insure every risk
Let the court fix price
Let the auctioneer own goods
Correct answer: A. Let the buyer beware
Caveat emptor is the general rule that the buyer must use judgment while buying, subject to statutory exceptions and implied conditions.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16
Buyer refuses delivery without reason
Seller is unpaid
Goods are delivered to a carrier
Buyer makes purpose known and relies on seller skill
Correct answer: D. Buyer makes purpose known and relies on seller skill
Section 16(1) creates an exception where the buyer relies on the seller skill or judgment for a known purpose.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(1)
Delivers goods by carrier
Sells under a written contract
Fraudulently conceals a defect or misleads the buyer
Sells goods at a low price
Correct answer: C. Fraudulently conceals a defect or misleads the buyer
The doctrine cannot be used as a shield for fraud, active concealment, or misleading conduct.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16 / General contract principles
Goods are destroyed
The usage is not inconsistent with the express contract
The buyer is always a consumer
The price is unpaid
Correct answer: B. The usage is not inconsistent with the express contract
Section 16 recognises implied terms arising from trade usage, subject to consistency with the contract.
Source note: Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Section 16(3)