CLAT UG question bank
CLAT UG Current Affairs including General Knowledge questions 72-95 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering major national and international events, institutions, reports, awards, diplomacy, science, policy, and related static GK.
Coverage
Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.
On 20 May 2025, the Seventy-eighth World Health Assembly adopted the WHO Pandemic Agreement by consensus. Negotiations had begun after gaps and inequities in the global response to COVID-19 became evident. The Agreement seeks stronger cooperation in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, with more equitable access to health products. It is the second international legal agreement negotiated under Article 19 of the WHO Constitution. The first was the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Member States also began work on an annex concerning a Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system. The Agreement will open for signature after the World Health Assembly adopts that annex. It will enter into force after sixty ratifications. Adoption therefore completed an important negotiating stage, but did not by itself bring the Agreement into force. Signature, domestic approval where required, and ratification remain distinct steps.
Article 19 of the WHO Constitution
Article 51 of the UN Charter
Article 38 of the ICJ Statute
Article 5 of the WTO Agreement
Correct answer: A. Article 19 of the WHO Constitution
A is expressly stated in the passage.
Source note: World Health Organization release on the Pandemic Agreement, 20 May 2025.
Paris Agreement
International Health Regulations
Convention on Biological Diversity
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Correct answer: D. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
D is identified as the first Article 19 agreement.
Source note: World Health Organization release on the Pandemic Agreement, 20 May 2025.
Every WHO member must ratify it.
The United Nations General Assembly must amend it.
The World Health Assembly must adopt the PABS annex.
The International Court of Justice must approve it.
Correct answer: C. The World Health Assembly must adopt the PABS annex.
C follows the sequence stated in the third paragraph.
Source note: World Health Organization release on the Pandemic Agreement, 20 May 2025.
Adoption, signature, and ratification are separate treaty stages.
Consensus decisions have no legal significance.
WHO cannot negotiate international agreements.
The Agreement requires sixty signatures but no ratifications.
Correct answer: A. Adoption, signature, and ratification are separate treaty stages.
A correctly applies the procedural distinction in the final paragraph.
Source note: World Health Organization release on the Pandemic Agreement, 20 May 2025.
The Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, commonly called the BBNJ Agreement, entered into force on 17 January 2026. It had been adopted on 19 June 2023 under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Agreement became the third implementing agreement under UNCLOS. It addresses marine genetic resources and benefit sharing, area-based management tools including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building, and marine technology transfer. Its entry into force came 120 days after deposit of the sixtieth instrument of ratification, approval, acceptance, or accession. Areas beyond national jurisdiction do not fall under the sovereignty of a single State, so conservation there requires cooperation. The treaty creates legal and institutional tools, but their effectiveness will depend on participation, funding, scientific information, and implementation by Parties.
19 June 2023
20 September 2025
17 January 2026
19 September 2026
Correct answer: C. 17 January 2026
C is the date stated in the opening paragraph.
Source note: United Nations material on the BBNJ Agreement and its entry into force.
UNCLOS
Unfccc
WTO Agreement
WHO Constitution
Correct answer: A. UNCLOS
A is correct. It was adopted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Source note: United Nations material on the BBNJ Agreement and its entry into force.
Regulation of international aviation fares
Marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction
Taxation of coastal exports
Ownership of vessels in domestic ports
Correct answer: B. Marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction
B is one of the agreement's four principal areas.
Source note: United Nations material on the BBNJ Agreement and its entry into force.
Adoption of UNCLOS
The first State signature
Creation of a marine protected area
Deposit of the sixtieth qualifying instrument
Correct answer: D. Deposit of the sixtieth qualifying instrument
D accurately states the entry-into-force condition.
Source note: United Nations material on the BBNJ Agreement and its entry into force.
The relevant areas are governed exclusively by coastal cities.
Marine science is prohibited within national waters.
No single State exercises sovereignty over the areas concerned.
UNCLOS applies only to private companies.
Correct answer: C. No single State exercises sovereignty over the areas concerned.
C follows from the jurisdictional feature explained in the third paragraph.
Source note: United Nations material on the BBNJ Agreement and its entry into force.
The Government of India notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 on 14 November 2025. The Rules give operational effect to the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and followed public consultation on draft rules. The framework regulates processing of digital personal data. It describes individuals whose data are processed as Data Principals and entities deciding the purpose and means of processing as Data Fiduciaries. Its stated principles include consent and transparency, purpose limitation, data minimisation, accuracy, storage limitation, security safeguards, and accountability. The Rules also provide procedures concerning notices, consent management, personal data breaches, rights requests, and obligations relating to children's data. Operationalisation does not remove the need for lawful processing or organisational compliance. It supplies procedures through which the Act's rights and duties are implemented.
14 November 2025
11 August 2023
26 January 2025
1 January 2026
Correct answer: A. 14 November 2025
A is the notification date stated in the passage.
Source note: Press Information Bureau release on the DPDP Rules, 14 November 2025.
Information Technology Act, 2000
Consumer Protection Act, 2019
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
Telecommunications Act, 2023
Correct answer: C. Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
C is expressly identified in the first paragraph.
Source note: Press Information Bureau release on the DPDP Rules, 14 November 2025.
Only the individual whose data are processed
An entity deciding the purpose and means of processing personal data
Every person who uses the internet
A court hearing a privacy dispute
Correct answer: B. An entity deciding the purpose and means of processing personal data
B states the role assigned to a Data Fiduciary.
Source note: Press Information Bureau release on the DPDP Rules, 14 November 2025.
Storage expansion
Unlimited retention
Data duplication
Data minimisation
Correct answer: D. Data minimisation
D is the principle that limits collection to what is needed.
Source note: Press Information Bureau release on the DPDP Rules, 14 November 2025.
The Rules provide procedures for implementing rights and duties created by the Act.
The Rules repeal the Act.
The Act concerns only non-digital data.
The Rules eliminate all compliance duties.
Correct answer: A. The Rules provide procedures for implementing rights and duties created by the Act.
A accurately describes the operational relationship.
Source note: Press Information Bureau release on the DPDP Rules, 14 November 2025.
UNESCO added seventy-four items of documentary heritage to its Memory of the World International Register in 2025. The Register recognises documentary heritage of world significance and outstanding universal value, improving awareness, access, research, and preservation. The 2025 additions included manuscript collections of the Bhagavad Gita and the Natyashastra submitted by India. Both are preserved at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. The Bhagavad Gita collection relates to a text of 700 verses in eighteen chapters embedded in the Bhishmaparva of the Mahabharata. The Natyashastra of Bharatamuni addresses drama, performance, aesthetic experience, emotion, music, and related arts. Inclusion on the Register recognises documentary significance. It should not be confused with inscription of a physical site on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Fifty-four
Sixty-four
Eighty-four
Seventy-four
Correct answer: D. Seventy-four
D is the number stated in the opening sentence.
Source note: UNESCO Memory of the World International Register, 2025 inscriptions.
Ramayana and Arthashastra
Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra
Rig Veda and Meghaduta
Panchatantra and Manusmriti
Correct answer: B. Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra
B identifies the two collections described in the passage.
Source note: UNESCO Memory of the World International Register, 2025 inscriptions.
National Archives of India
Asiatic Society, Kolkata
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Correct answer: C. Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
C is stated in the second paragraph.
Source note: UNESCO Memory of the World International Register, 2025 inscriptions.
Bhishmaparva
Vanaparva
Adiparva
Shantiparva
Correct answer: A. Bhishmaparva
A is the textual location given in the passage.
Source note: UNESCO Memory of the World International Register, 2025 inscriptions.
UNESCO does not preserve documentary heritage.
The Memory of the World Register is distinct from the World Heritage List for physical sites.
Only buildings can possess universal value.
The Natyashastra is a modern monument.
Correct answer: B. The Memory of the World Register is distinct from the World Heritage List for physical sites.
B correctly separates documentary registration from site inscription.
Source note: UNESCO Memory of the World International Register, 2025 inscriptions.
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite, known as NISAR, was launched by GSLV-F16 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota on 30 July 2025. It is the first joint satellite mission of ISRO and NASA. NISAR uses dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar: NASA's L-band and ISRO's S-band. A twelve-metre deployable reflector supports the radar system. The satellite was placed in a Sun-synchronous orbit and is designed to collect day-and-night, all-weather Earth observation data. Its applications include detecting ground deformation, movement of ice sheets, vegetation change, soil moisture, shoreline change, surface water, and effects of disasters. Radar is valuable because it can collect information through cloud cover and does not depend on sunlight in the same way as an ordinary optical camera. The mission combines instruments and expertise from both agencies rather than representing a satellite supplied entirely by one partner.
PSLV-C60
LVM3-M5
GSLV-F16
SSLV-D3
Correct answer: C. GSLV-F16
C is the launch vehicle identified in the passage.
Source note: Indian Space Research Organisation material on the GSLV-F16/NISAR mission.
ISRO and NASA
ISRO and ESA
NASA and JAXA
ESA and Roscosmos
Correct answer: A. ISRO and NASA
A is correct. NISAR is the first joint satellite mission of ISRO and NASA.
Source note: Indian Space Research Organisation material on the GSLV-F16/NISAR mission.
ISRO l-band and NASA X-band
NASA l-band and ISRO s-band
NASA s-band and ISRO c-band
ISRO X-band and NASA c-band
Correct answer: B. NASA l-band and ISRO s-band
B accurately assigns the two radar bands.
Source note: Indian Space Research Organisation material on the GSLV-F16/NISAR mission.
Broadcasting direct television channels
Providing voice calls to aircraft
Navigating private vehicles in real time
Detecting changes in ice sheets and the Earth's surface
Correct answer: D. Detecting changes in ice sheets and the Earth's surface
D reflects the Earth observation applications in the passage.
Source note: Indian Space Research Organisation material on the GSLV-F16/NISAR mission.
It does not rely on reflected sunlight in the same manner as an optical camera.
It removes clouds from the atmosphere.
It operates only above deserts.
It records only visible colours.
Correct answer: A. It does not rely on reflected sunlight in the same manner as an optical camera.
A follows from the final sentence of the third paragraph.
Source note: Indian Space Research Organisation material on the GSLV-F16/NISAR mission.