CLAT UG question bank

Logical Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG

CLAT UG Logical Reasoning questions 1-23 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering conclusions, assumptions, inferences, flaws, analogies, and arguments strengthened or weakened by evidence.

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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • AI Summaries and Source Reading5
  • AI Translation and Error Rates5
  • Air Quality Alerts and Public Behaviour5
  • Algorithmic Hiring and Past Data5
  • Carbon Labels and Consumer Decisions5
  • Carbon Offsets and Additionality5
  • Cashless Buses and Boarding Time5
  • Citizen Science and Data Quality5
  • Classroom Cameras and Evidence5
  • Congestion Pricing and Urban Mobility5
  • Court Disposal Statistics5
  • Extended Library Hours5
  • Extended Library Hours and Borrowing5
  • Facial Recognition and Base Rates5
  • Facial Recognition and Public Evidence5
  • Fare-Free Public Transport5
  • Flood Maps and Property Risk5
  • Flood Sirens and False Alarms5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Choice5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Understanding5
  • Four-Day School Week Evidence5
  • Four-Day Workweek Evidence5
  • Free Bus Fares and Ridership Evidence5
  • Heat Action Plans and Evidence5
  • Heatwave Cooling Centres5
  • Hospital Wait-Time Targets5
  • Hospital Waiting-Time Targets5
  • Local Food Procurement in Schools5
  • Museum Repatriation and Digital Copies5
  • Noise Sensors and Complaint Data5
  • Open-Book Examinations and Learning5
  • Plagiarism Detectors and False Positives5
  • Police Body Cameras and Complaint Rates5
  • Predictive Maintenance for Water Pipes5
  • Predictive Policing and Feedback Loops5
  • Predictive Policing and Historical Data5
  • Public Art Surveys and Selection Bias5
  • Public Defender Caseload Statistics5
  • Public Libraries and Digital Access5
  • Public Wi-Fi and Digital Access5
  • Rainfall Forecasts and Probability5
  • Recorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes5
  • Recycling Bins and Waste Reduction5
  • Remote Work and Office Productivity5
  • Repairability and Consumer Choice5
  • Reusable Packaging Deposits5
  • River Cleanup and Downstream Waste5
  • Road Repair Complaints and Access5
  • School Breakfast and Attendance Evidence5
  • School Devices and Learning Evidence5
  • School Rankings and Attendance5
  • School Start Times and Evidence5
  • Street Lighting and Night Accidents5
  • Textbook Downloads and Learning5
  • Tree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims5
  • University Rankings and Measurement5
  • Urban Tree Planting and Survival5
  • Video Hearings and Case Disposal5
  • Water Meters and Household Consumption5
  • Water Pricing and Essential Access5
  • Wellness Apps and Sick Leave5
  • Wetland Tourism and Visitor Counts5
Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city committee proposes reducing the opening hours of neighbourhood libraries because the number of printed books borrowed has fallen by 18 percent in five years. According to the committee, lower borrowing proves that residents need libraries less than before. The money saved would be used to expand a central online portal. The conclusion is premature. Printed borrowing measures only one part of library use. Many residents visit libraries to use computers, complete online forms, attend language classes, consult reference material, or study in a quiet space. If these activities have increased, a decline in printed loans may reflect a change in use rather than a decline in need. The proposed alternative also assumes that online access is equally available to everyone. Yet the residents most dependent on neighbourhood libraries may lack reliable devices, private study space, or stable internet connections. An improved portal could benefit many users, but it cannot provide a desk, a trained staff member, or a safe public room. The portal and the buildings may be complements rather than substitutes. This does not establish that every branch must retain its present schedule. Some hours may attract very few visitors, and local patterns should guide staffing. The committee should therefore collect hourly footfall, computer use, programme attendance, and user surveys before deciding. A limited trial at branches with consistently low use would produce better evidence than a citywide reduction based on one indicator. Public services should adapt when habits change. Adaptation, however, begins by identifying the service people actually receive. Counting only the objects that leave a building can make the people who remain inside it disappear from the analysis.

Question 1MediumPublic Libraries and Digital Access

Which statement best expresses the author's main conclusion?

  1. A

    Every library branch must remain open for its current hours regardless of use.

  2. B

    An online portal should never receive public funding.

  3. C

    The city should gather broader evidence before reducing library hours across all branches.

  4. D

    Printed book borrowing is the only reliable measure of library demand.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The city should gather broader evidence before reducing library hours across all branches.

Option C captures the recommendation for broader data and limited trials before a citywide decision. A is expressly rejected, B overstates the criticism of the portal, and D is the narrow assumption challenged by the author.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 2HardPublic Libraries and Digital Access

Which assumption is most necessary for the committee's argument that an online portal can replace reduced library hours?

  1. A

    Residents affected by reduced hours can obtain the relevant library services through the portal.

  2. B

    Printed books will disappear from every library within five years.

  3. C

    All library staff prefer working at a central office.

  4. D

    Language classes are more expensive than printed books.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Residents affected by reduced hours can obtain the relevant library services through the portal.

Option A is necessary because replacement requires affected users to obtain equivalent services online. B, C, and D may concern libraries but the committee's substitution argument does not depend on them.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 3MediumPublic Libraries and Digital Access

Which fact would most strengthen the author's criticism of printed borrowing as the sole measure of need?

  1. A

    The price of several bestselling novels has increased.

  2. B

    Computer sessions and programme attendance at neighbourhood libraries rose sharply during the same five years.

  3. C

    The central library owns more books than any neighbourhood branch.

  4. D

    Some residents prefer reading novels in electronic form.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Computer sessions and programme attendance at neighbourhood libraries rose sharply during the same five years.

Option B directly shows that other forms of library use increased while printed loans fell. A and C do not measure local need, and D concerns one preference without showing continued dependence on library services.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 4HardPublic Libraries and Digital Access

Which finding would most weaken the author's case against a citywide reduction in opening hours?

  1. A

    Several branches are located close to bus stops.

  2. B

    The city recently purchased new chairs for study rooms.

  3. C

    Residents report that trained staff are helpful with online forms.

  4. D

    Comprehensive data show a similar large decline in footfall, computer use, programme attendance, and printed borrowing at nearly every branch.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Comprehensive data show a similar large decline in footfall, computer use, programme attendance, and printed borrowing at nearly every branch.

Option D supplies the broader evidence the author says is missing and shows decline across uses and branches. A and B are weakly related, while C supports the value of physical libraries.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 5MediumPublic Libraries and Digital Access

What flaw does the author identify in the committee's use of the 18 percent decline?

  1. A

    It compares libraries located in different countries.

  2. B

    It treats an increase as though it were a decrease.

  3. C

    It uses a change in one indicator to infer a decline in the entire service.

  4. D

    It relies on interviews instead of numerical evidence.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. It uses a change in one indicator to infer a decline in the entire service.

Option C correctly identifies the overgeneralisation from printed loans to total need. A and D do not describe the evidence used, and B misstates the direction of the reported change.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

Manufacturers of electronic devices should be required to make spare parts and repair information available for a reasonable period after sale. Supporters of this policy argue that it would reduce waste and give consumers more control over products they own. Critics respond that repair requirements would slow innovation because companies would have to support old designs. The critics identify a genuine cost but not a decisive objection. A rule can define a limited support period and need not require indefinite production of every component. Moreover, a product that becomes useless because one inexpensive part is unavailable imposes costs elsewhere. The consumer must replace the device, and public systems must collect or process the discarded one. A manufacturer may save money only because part of the cost has been transferred to households and municipalities. Safety presents a harder issue. Poor repairs to batteries or medical devices can cause serious harm. Yet a complete monopoly on repair is not the only response. Standards can distinguish ordinary replaceable parts from high-risk components, require warnings, and certify qualified repairers for specialised work. The relevant comparison is not between perfect manufacturer repair and reckless amateur repair. It is between different regulatory systems, each with benefits and risks. Repairability will not by itself solve electronic waste. Consumers may replace functioning devices for new features, and some products may be uneconomical to repair. Still, the fact that a policy is incomplete does not make it useless. Waste reduction usually depends on several measures, including durable design, collection systems, recycling, and informed consumer choice. The strongest case for repair rules is therefore modest. They can correct a practical obstacle to longer product use while allowing exceptions based on safety and reasonable support limits. They should be judged by whether they improve the present system, not by whether they eliminate every discarded device.

Question 6MediumRepairability and Consumer Choice

Which statement best represents the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Limited repair requirements can improve product longevity without demanding indefinite support or ignoring safety.

  2. B

    Manufacturers should produce every spare part forever.

  3. C

    Only amateur repair can reduce electronic waste.

  4. D

    Repair rules are justified only if they eliminate all discarded devices.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Limited repair requirements can improve product longevity without demanding indefinite support or ignoring safety.

Option A reflects the qualified support expressed in the final paragraph. B removes the reasonable time limit, C contradicts the safety discussion, and D is the perfection standard rejected by the author.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 7HardRepairability and Consumer Choice

How does the author respond to the safety objection?

  1. A

    By denying that repaired batteries can ever be dangerous

  2. B

    By claiming that manufacturers never perform safe repairs

  3. C

    By excluding all electronic devices from repair rules

  4. D

    By proposing differentiated safeguards instead of treating manufacturer control as the only safe model

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. By proposing differentiated safeguards instead of treating manufacturer control as the only safe model

Option D accurately describes the use of risk categories, warnings, and certified repairers. A denies an acknowledged risk, B is unsupported, and C abandons the policy rather than answering the objection.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 8MediumRepairability and Consumer Choice

Which proposition can be most reasonably inferred from the passage?

  1. A

    A policy is worthless whenever it addresses only one cause of a problem.

  2. B

    Municipalities receive all profits made by electronics manufacturers.

  3. C

    Some apparent savings to manufacturers may shift disposal costs to consumers and public bodies.

  4. D

    Consumers replace devices only when spare parts are unavailable.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Some apparent savings to manufacturers may shift disposal costs to consumers and public bodies.

Option C follows directly from the discussion of transferred replacement and disposal costs. A reverses the author's reasoning, B is not stated, and D ignores replacement motivated by new features.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 9MediumRepairability and Consumer Choice

Which evidence would most strengthen the author's argument for repair requirements?

  1. A

    Most new devices are sold in brightly coloured packaging.

  2. B

    A large share of discarded devices could be restored cheaply if commonly failing parts were available.

  3. C

    Some consumers enjoy watching product launch events.

  4. D

    Manufacturers use different names for similar components.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A large share of discarded devices could be restored cheaply if commonly failing parts were available.

Option B directly links spare-part availability with cheaper restoration and reduced waste. A and C are irrelevant, while D identifies variation in naming without establishing the practical benefit of repair access.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Question 10HardRepairability and Consumer Choice

Which general principle best matches the author's reasoning in the fourth paragraph?

  1. A

    A measure may be worthwhile even when it forms only one part of a broader solution.

  2. B

    A policy must solve an entire problem before it may be adopted.

  3. C

    Incomplete evidence always proves that a proposal is false.

  4. D

    Several policies cannot operate on the same problem at once.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. A measure may be worthwhile even when it forms only one part of a broader solution.

Option A expresses the author's view that repairability can contribute alongside design, collection, and recycling. B, C, and D conflict with that multi-measure approach.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 1. Structure reviewed against the official CLAT UG 2025 question paper and CLAT UG 2026 syllabus.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

The city plans to charge private cars that enter its most crowded district during peak hours. Supporters argue that road space is scarce and currently allocated through delay: drivers pay with time rather than money. A charge may encourage some trips to shift to public transport or less crowded hours. Opponents say the policy is unfair because the same fee takes a larger share of a low-income driver's earnings. That objection is serious, but abandoning the charge is not the only response. Revenue can improve buses in poorly served areas, and exemptions or discounts can protect people with limited alternatives. The policy should not be judged only by whether traffic falls on the first day. Drivers and employers need time to change schedules, transit agencies must add capacity, and traffic may move to nearby streets. A trial should therefore track journey times, bus reliability, air quality, business activity, and diversion across several months. Congestion pricing is neither automatically fair nor automatically ineffective. Its value depends on design, alternatives, and use of revenue. The relevant choice is not between a flawed charge and a city with no transport burden. It is between different ways of distributing the costs of scarce road space.

Question 11MediumCongestion Pricing and Urban Mobility

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Congestion pricing always benefits every resident equally.

  2. B

    Road congestion imposes no cost unless drivers pay money.

  3. C

    Congestion pricing should be assessed through its design, alternatives, revenue use, and wider effects.

  4. D

    The policy should be permanent before evidence is collected.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Congestion pricing should be assessed through its design, alternatives, revenue use, and wider effects.

C captures the qualified conclusion. A and B are rejected by the passage, while D conflicts with the proposed trial.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 12HardCongestion Pricing and Urban Mobility

The claim that a charge may reduce peak traffic most directly assumes that:

  1. A

    At least some travellers can change mode, route, or time in response to the charge.

  2. B

    Every driver is wealthy.

  3. C

    Public transport currently has unlimited capacity.

  4. D

    Business activity never depends on transport.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. At least some travellers can change mode, route, or time in response to the charge.

A is necessary for a behavioural response. B, C, and D are unnecessary and implausible absolutes.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 13MediumCongestion Pricing and Urban Mobility

Which fact would most strengthen the author's proposed response to the fairness objection?

  1. A

    Peak-hour drivers prefer red cars.

  2. B

    Targeted discounts and improved bus routes substantially reduce travel costs for low-income commuters.

  3. C

    The city has renamed several roads.

  4. D

    Some wealthy drivers dislike paying fees.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Targeted discounts and improved bus routes substantially reduce travel costs for low-income commuters.

B shows that design measures can address unequal burden. A and C are irrelevant, while D does not answer the fairness concern.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 14HardCongestion Pricing and Urban Mobility

Which finding would most weaken the case for the proposed policy?

  1. A

    Traffic falls gradually over three months.

  2. B

    Bus reliability improves after added investment.

  3. C

    Air pollution declines in the charged district.

  4. D

    Most traffic diverts into residential streets, while total journey time and pollution remain unchanged.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Most traffic diverts into residential streets, while total journey time and pollution remain unchanged.

D shows displacement without overall benefit. A, B, and C support the policy.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 15MediumCongestion Pricing and Urban Mobility

What false choice does the author reject in the final paragraph?

  1. A

    The choice between buses and trains

  2. B

    The choice between peak and off-peak travel

  3. C

    The choice between an imperfect charge and a city without any transport costs

  4. D

    The choice between discounts and exemptions

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The choice between an imperfect charge and a city without any transport costs

C restates the false comparison identified by the author. The other choices are not criticised in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A school board proposes starting secondary classes forty-five minutes later. It cites studies linking adolescent sleep with attention and emotional health. Critics reply that the studies do not prove a later bell will improve grades in this district. The critics are right about one point: evidence that sleep matters does not by itself establish that a timetable change will produce more sleep. Students might simply stay awake later. Transport schedules, sports, work, and family responsibilities may also affect the result. But uncertainty does not justify doing nothing. It justifies a test designed to learn. The board could run a one-year pilot, record sleep duration rather than merely asking whether students feel rested, and compare attendance, punctuality, well-being, and learning outcomes with similar schools that retain the earlier schedule. The pilot must also examine costs. If younger pupils must start earlier because buses are shared, or if after-school activities become inaccessible, an apparent benefit for one group may shift burdens to another. Averages should be separated by age, travel distance, and family circumstances. The proposal should therefore be treated as a testable intervention, not a guaranteed cure. Good policy does not require certainty before action, but it does require clear predictions, relevant measurement, and willingness to revise a decision when results disappoint.

Question 16MediumSchool Start Times and Evidence

What is the author's main conclusion?

  1. A

    The later start should be tested with clear measures and attention to unequal effects.

  2. B

    All schools should permanently delay classes without evaluation.

  3. C

    Sleep has no connection with attention.

  4. D

    Grades are the only relevant outcome.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The later start should be tested with clear measures and attention to unequal effects.

A captures the recommendation for a measured pilot. B is unconditional, while C and D contradict the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 17HardSchool Start Times and Evidence

Which finding would most weaken the claim that a later start improves student well-being?

  1. A

    Students report liking the new timetable.

  2. B

    School buses travel the same distance.

  3. C

    Teachers receive the same salaries.

  4. D

    Students go to bed correspondingly later, sleep no longer, and show no improvement in attendance or well-being.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Students go to bed correspondingly later, sleep no longer, and show no improvement in attendance or well-being.

D removes the proposed mechanism and observed benefit. A is subjective support, while B and C are largely irrelevant.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 18MediumSchool Start Times and Evidence

Why does the author recommend measuring sleep duration?

  1. A

    To avoid comparing the pilot with other schools

  2. B

    To test whether the timetable change actually affects the mechanism it is supposed to influence

  3. C

    To prove that every student needs identical sleep

  4. D

    To replace all measures of learning and well-being

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. To test whether the timetable change actually affects the mechanism it is supposed to influence

B is correct because increased sleep is the proposed link between later starts and outcomes. C and D are absolute, and A conflicts with the suggested comparison.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 19HardSchool Start Times and Evidence

Why should averages be separated by age, travel distance, and family circumstances?

  1. A

    To guarantee that every subgroup has identical results

  2. B

    To make the pilot appear more complicated

  3. C

    To identify benefits or burdens that an overall average could conceal

  4. D

    To exclude students who live far from school

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. To identify benefits or burdens that an overall average could conceal

C follows from the warning that benefits for one group may shift burdens to another. A, B, and D do not follow.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 20MediumSchool Start Times and Evidence

Which principle best matches the final paragraph?

  1. A

    Policy experiments are useful only when success is certain.

  2. B

    Evidence gathered after action should never change a decision.

  3. C

    Uncertainty always requires complete inaction.

  4. D

    Responsible experimentation combines action with measurable predictions and revision.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Responsible experimentation combines action with measurable predictions and revision.

D expresses the author's position. A, B, and C reject learning under uncertainty.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 2, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A proposal would place simple nutrition warnings on the front of packaged foods. Critics argue that the detailed information already printed on the back is sufficient and that another label would restrict consumer choice. Providing information does not restrict choice merely because it makes a risk easier to notice. The real question is whether the warning improves understanding without misleading buyers. A symbol based on one nutrient could oversimplify a product, while a dense table may be accurate but practically invisible during a quick purchase. A trial should compare several designs using tasks that resemble real shopping. Researchers should test whether buyers identify relevant differences, not merely whether they remember a symbol minutes later. They should also examine whether manufacturers reformulate products or replace one undesirable ingredient with another. Labels cannot by themselves overcome price, availability, or advertising. Yet an incomplete tool can still be useful. The proposal should be judged by measurable improvement in informed choice, not by the impossible standard of solving diet-related disease alone.

Question 21MediumFood Labels and Consumer Understanding

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Front labels should be tested for genuine improvement in informed choice and unintended effects.

  2. B

    Detailed labels always guarantee understanding.

  3. C

    Nutrition labels should solve every cause of poor diet.

  4. D

    Any warning automatically restricts choice.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Front labels should be tested for genuine improvement in informed choice and unintended effects.

A captures the qualified recommendation. B, C, and D are positions the author rejects.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 3, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 22HardFood Labels and Consumer Understanding

The author's support for front labels depends most on the assumption that:

  1. A

    Consumers never look at packaging.

  2. B

    All packaged foods are identical.

  3. C

    Advertising has no effect on choice.

  4. D

    Making relevant information noticeable can improve at least some purchase decisions.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Making relevant information noticeable can improve at least some purchase decisions.

D links visible warnings to informed choice. A, B, and C are unnecessary and contradicted by the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 3, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 23MediumFood Labels and Consumer Understanding

Which finding would most strengthen the proposal?

  1. A

    Buyers like the colour of one label.

  2. B

    In realistic shopping tests, a clear front label significantly improves identification of high-risk products.

  3. C

    Participants remember the researcher's name.

  4. D

    Manufacturers increase package size.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. In realistic shopping tests, a clear front label significantly improves identification of high-risk products.

B directly demonstrates improved understanding in realistic conditions. The other findings do not.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 3, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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