Judiciary question bank

Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC) MCQs for Judiciary, Page 3

Judiciary Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC) questions 51-75 of 275, with answer keys and explanations covering criminal courts, arrest, investigation, bail, charge, trial, evidence procedure, appeal, revision, and the BNSS.

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Practice judiciary exam MCQs with answers and explanations across substantive law, procedure, evidence, constitutional law, and state judicial service subjects.

  • Anticipatory Bail10
  • Arrest, Search, Seizure and Remand11
  • Bail in Bailable and Non-Bailable Offences10
  • Bail, Bonds and Liberty8
  • Bail, Cancellation, and Post-Charge-Sheet Liberty5
  • BNSS Foundations and Court Structure7
  • BNSS Mixed Practice8
  • BNSS Reforms and Contemporary Criminal Procedure10
  • Compounding, Quashing and Revision3
  • Default Bail10
  • Default Bail and Timing Traps5
  • FIR and Early Recording5
  • FIR and Registration10
  • FIR, Investigation and Police Reports12
  • Inherent Powers and Compounding10
  • Initiation of Criminal Process10
  • Investigation10
  • Investigation and Police Statements5
  • Lalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry10
  • Lalita Kumari and Threshold Scrutiny5
  • Magistrate Stage Nuances5
  • Magistrate-Ordered Investigation10
  • Notice Before Arrest and Arrest Safeguards5
  • Quashing and Settlement5
  • Remand and Custody15
  • Rights of the Accused10
  • Search, Seizure, and Digital Process5
  • Search, Seizure, and Related Powers10
  • Technology and Contemporary BNSS Reforms2
  • Trial Process10
  • Trial, Charges and Court Procedure14
  • Victim Rights, Witnesses and Sentencing10
  • Victim Rights, Witnesses, and Fair Trial10
Question 51EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

The central object of criminal procedure is to:

  1. A

    Secure convictions at any cost

  2. B

    Create a structured process that balances investigation, prosecution, liberty, and fair trial

  3. C

    Replace substantive criminal law

  4. D

    Transfer all policing power to courts

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Create a structured process that balances investigation, prosecution, liberty, and fair trial

Criminal procedure is not merely a manual for securing conviction. It structures how information is received, how liberty is restricted, how investigation proceeds, and how a fair trial is ensured.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 52EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

An FIR is ordinarily associated with:

  1. A

    Only non-cognizable offences

  2. B

    Only complaint cases before a Magistrate

  3. C

    Information relating to a cognizable offence

  4. D

    Every civil dispute reduced to writing

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Information relating to a cognizable offence

An FIR is ordinarily recorded when information discloses a cognizable offence. It sets the criminal process into motion and authorises investigation under the ordinary statutory scheme.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 53EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

If information discloses only a non-cognizable offence, the police ordinarily:

  1. A

    Must investigate immediately without any order

  2. B

    May investigate only after obtaining the Magistrate's order

  3. C

    Must arrest the accused first and seek approval later

  4. D

    Must close the station diary and ignore the informant

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. May investigate only after obtaining the Magistrate's order

In non-cognizable cases, the ordinary rule is that the police record the information and seek the Magistrate's order before undertaking a full investigation.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 54MediumInitiation of Criminal Process

A private complaint before a Magistrate differs from an FIR mainly because:

  1. A

    A complaint always ends in acquittal

  2. B

    A complaint is a court-initiated route, while an FIR ordinarily begins at the police station level

  3. C

    A complaint can only be filed by the State

  4. D

    An FIR can never be in writing

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A complaint is a court-initiated route, while an FIR ordinarily begins at the police station level

A complaint route engages the Magistrate directly, whereas an FIR ordinarily begins by providing information to the police regarding a cognizable offence.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 55EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

Which statement is most accurate about setting criminal law in motion?

  1. A

    Only the victim may initiate it

  2. B

    Only police officers may initiate it

  3. C

    Any person with relevant information may set the law in motion in many situations

  4. D

    No one except a Magistrate may do so

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Any person with relevant information may set the law in motion in many situations

Many offences may be brought to the attention of the system by any person with knowledge of the facts. The law does not insist that only the victim must speak first.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 56MediumInitiation of Criminal Process

The station diary or general diary is not the same as an FIR because the diary:

  1. A

    Cannot mention criminal information at all

  2. B

    Automatically amounts to a charge-sheet

  3. C

    May record events and station activity, while an FIR has a distinct role in commencing investigation into a cognizable offence

  4. D

    Can be written only by the District Judge

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. May record events and station activity, while an FIR has a distinct role in commencing investigation into a cognizable offence

The general diary records station happenings and entries of administrative significance. An FIR has a more specific procedural role when cognizable information is formally received.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 57MediumInitiation of Criminal Process

A cryptic message that merely says 'come quickly, a fight has happened' is usually:

  1. A

    Always a complete FIR

  2. B

    Usually insufficient by itself to qualify as a full FIR if it lacks the basic factual disclosure of an offence

  3. C

    Equivalent to a confessional statement

  4. D

    A non-bailable warrant

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Usually insufficient by itself to qualify as a full FIR if it lacks the basic factual disclosure of an offence

Courts distinguish between information that only summons police assistance and information that meaningfully discloses commission of a cognizable offence.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 58EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

The distinction between substantive criminal law and criminal procedure is that procedure mainly deals with:

  1. A

    What conduct is morally wrong

  2. B

    What offences exist and what punishments are prescribed

  3. C

    The mechanism for investigation, arrest, bail, trial, and appeal

  4. D

    Only prison administration

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The mechanism for investigation, arrest, bail, trial, and appeal

Substantive criminal law defines offences and punishments. Criminal procedure governs how those offences are investigated, prosecuted, tried, and reviewed.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 59EasyInitiation of Criminal Process

A cognizable offence is one in which the police ordinarily:

  1. A

    Need no information at all to act

  2. B

    May arrest and investigate under the statutory scheme without first obtaining a warrant for that purpose

  3. C

    Can act only after a civil decree

  4. D

    Can never seize any article

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. May arrest and investigate under the statutory scheme without first obtaining a warrant for that purpose

The key feature of cognizable offences is that the law ordinarily allows police intervention and investigation without the prior order required in non-cognizable matters.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 60MediumInitiation of Criminal Process

The best constitutional lens through which criminal procedure is usually examined is:

  1. A

    Only Article 14

  2. B

    Only Article 300A

  3. C

    Fairness, liberty, and due process concerns that draw heavily from Article 21 and related guarantees

  4. D

    Only the Seventh Schedule

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Fairness, liberty, and due process concerns that draw heavily from Article 21 and related guarantees

Modern criminal procedure is closely tied to constitutional guarantees of personal liberty, fair procedure, legal representation, and protection against arbitrary State action.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 61EasyFIR and Registration

The first information report need not be:

  1. A

    Prompt

  2. B

    Related to a cognizable offence

  3. C

    An encyclopaedia of the entire prosecution case

  4. D

    Reduced into writing

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. An encyclopaedia of the entire prosecution case

The FIR is not expected to contain every minute fact. Its function is to set the law in motion by recording the earliest information about the occurrence.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 62EasyFIR and Registration

A delay in lodging the FIR is:

  1. A

    Always fatal to the prosecution

  2. B

    Always irrelevant

  3. C

    A circumstance that may require explanation, but does not automatically destroy the case

  4. D

    Proof that the offence never occurred

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. A circumstance that may require explanation, but does not automatically destroy the case

Delay may raise concerns about embellishment, but courts look at context. Trauma, distance, social pressure, and attempts to seek help may explain it satisfactorily.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 63EasyFIR and Registration

An informant is ordinarily entitled to:

  1. A

    A certified copy of the final judgment at the FIR stage

  2. B

    A free copy of the FIR as provided by law

  3. C

    A right to dictate the charge-sheet

  4. D

    Automatic compensation from the accused

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A free copy of the FIR as provided by law

The right to receive a copy of the FIR helps ensure transparency and prevents later manipulation of the foundational version of events.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 64MediumFIR and Registration

The evidentiary value of an FIR at trial is generally that it is:

  1. A

    Substantive evidence of every fact stated in it

  2. B

    Wholly inadmissible for every purpose

  3. C

    Relevant mainly for corroboration or contradiction of its maker, subject to the law of evidence

  4. D

    A final judicial finding

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Relevant mainly for corroboration or contradiction of its maker, subject to the law of evidence

An FIR is not ordinarily substantive evidence of the truth of all facts stated. Its chief use is to corroborate or contradict the maker and to test spontaneity and consistency.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 65MediumFIR and Registration

A second FIR for the same incident and same occurrence is generally viewed:

  1. A

    As always mandatory

  2. B

    With caution, because repeated FIRs for the same transaction may be legally impermissible

  3. C

    As the only way to continue investigation

  4. D

    As a substitute for trial

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. With caution, because repeated FIRs for the same transaction may be legally impermissible

The law generally disfavors multiple FIRs relating to the same transaction by the same side because they can distort the investigation. Counter-cases and distinct occurrences are different.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 66EasyFIR and Registration

A zero FIR is especially useful when:

  1. A

    The police station has no stationery

  2. B

    There is uncertainty or inconvenience regarding territorial jurisdiction but immediate registration is necessary

  3. C

    The offence is civil and not criminal

  4. D

    The accused has already been convicted

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. There is uncertainty or inconvenience regarding territorial jurisdiction but immediate registration is necessary

Zero FIR allows immediate registration without first resolving territorial questions. It protects prompt action, especially in urgent cases such as sexual offences or serious violence.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 67EasyFIR and Registration

If territorial jurisdiction is doubtful at the first point of reporting, the safer procedural approach is often to:

  1. A

    Refuse registration altogether

  2. B

    Register the matter appropriately and transmit it to the competent police station

  3. C

    Send the informant to court without recording anything

  4. D

    Treat the matter as closed

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Register the matter appropriately and transmit it to the competent police station

Procedure should not defeat access to justice. The system is expected to facilitate registration and later transfer rather than reject the complainant at the threshold.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 68MediumFIR and Registration

A telephonic message may become an FIR if it:

  1. A

    Contains no factual assertion but only asks for help

  2. B

    Clearly discloses the commission of a cognizable offence and is intended to set the law in motion

  3. C

    Is made from outside the district

  4. D

    Mentions the accused is influential

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Clearly discloses the commission of a cognizable offence and is intended to set the law in motion

Courts examine content and intention. If the message meaningfully discloses the offence and serves as the first formal information, it may amount to an FIR.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 69EasyFIR and Registration

The basic legal significance of the FIR is that it:

  1. A

    Creates guilt by itself

  2. B

    Marks the formal judicial conviction of the accused

  3. C

    Documents the earliest version of a cognizable occurrence and authorises the ordinary investigative process

  4. D

    Replaces oral testimony at trial

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Documents the earliest version of a cognizable occurrence and authorises the ordinary investigative process

The FIR serves both a procedural and evidentiary function. It records the earliest accusation and permits the investigation to move forward under law.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 70MediumFIR and Registration

If an FIR contains minor omissions or small inconsistencies, the correct approach is to:

  1. A

    Treat the FIR as fabricated as a matter of law

  2. B

    Ignore the entire prosecution automatically

  3. C

    Assess whether the omissions concern material particulars or merely natural imperfections in an early account

  4. D

    Convert the case into a civil suit

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Assess whether the omissions concern material particulars or merely natural imperfections in an early account

Early reports are often made in stress or haste. The law distinguishes between normal imperfections and material contradictions that affect credibility.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 71EasyLalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry

The core holding in Lalita Kumari v. Government of Uttar Pradesh is that:

  1. A

    The police may refuse every complaint until a full verification is completed

  2. B

    Registration of FIR is mandatory if information discloses a cognizable offence

  3. C

    Preliminary inquiry is mandatory in all cases

  4. D

    Only the victim may lodge the first report

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Registration of FIR is mandatory if information discloses a cognizable offence

Lalita Kumari made it clear that once information discloses a cognizable offence, the police ordinarily must register the FIR. They cannot conduct a roving enquiry to test truthfulness first.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 72MediumLalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry

A preliminary inquiry after Lalita Kumari is permitted mainly to determine:

  1. A

    Whether the accused is morally blameworthy

  2. B

    Whether the informant is rich or poor

  3. C

    Whether the information discloses a cognizable offence in limited categories of cases

  4. D

    Whether the trial should end in conviction

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Whether the information discloses a cognizable offence in limited categories of cases

The limited inquiry is not a trial before trial. It is only to see whether the information falls within the cognizable framework in a narrow class of cases.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 73EasyLalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry

Which of the following is closest to a category where preliminary inquiry may be permissible according to Lalita Kumari?

  1. A

    Every street quarrel

  2. B

    Every theft report

  3. C

    Certain matrimonial, commercial, medical negligence, corruption, or unusual delay cases

  4. D

    Every complaint against a public servant

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Certain matrimonial, commercial, medical negligence, corruption, or unusual delay cases

The Court recognised that some classes of cases may require a short threshold inquiry, particularly where the boundary between civil and criminal wrong or delayed reporting requires careful screening.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 74MediumLalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry

A preliminary inquiry cannot be used as:

  1. A

    A narrow device to determine whether cognizable information is disclosed

  2. B

    A substitute for full investigation or a means to test the probable truth of the complaint in depth

  3. C

    A brief administrative exercise in limited cases

  4. D

    A short threshold scrutiny in exceptional classes

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A substitute for full investigation or a means to test the probable truth of the complaint in depth

The police cannot convert preliminary inquiry into a mini-trial. That would undermine the mandatory registration rule laid down by the Court.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

Question 75MediumLalita Kumari and Preliminary Inquiry

If a police officer deliberately refuses to register an FIR despite clear cognizable information, Lalita Kumari suggests:

  1. A

    There is no legal consequence

  2. B

    Such refusal may invite disciplinary consequences and judicial correction

  3. C

    The informant must abandon the matter

  4. D

    Only the State Cabinet may intervene

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Such refusal may invite disciplinary consequences and judicial correction

The judgment treated registration as a legal duty. Unjustified refusal may invite disciplinary action and can also be challenged before superior police authorities or the Magistrate.

Source note: LexMentor Notes, Law of Crimes II (BNSS-CrPC)

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