CLAT UG question bank
CLAT UG Legal Reasoning questions 239-262 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering self-contained legal principles, factual application, changes in outcome, rights, duties, liability, and remedies.
Coverage
Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.
A condition is a term essential to the main purpose of a sale contract. Its breach generally permits the buyer to reject the goods and claim damages. A warranty is collateral to the main purpose. Its breach gives a claim for damages but not a right to reject solely on that ground. The buyer may waive a condition or choose to treat its breach as a breach of warranty. In some circumstances, including acceptance of goods under a non-severable contract, the law may require a breach of condition to be treated only as a breach of warranty, unless the contract provides otherwise. Classification depends on the substance and importance of the term, not merely the label used by the parties. Apply only these principles.
Yes, labels always control.
Only if printed in red
No, substance and importance determine classification.
Yes, purpose is irrelevant.
Correct answer: C. No, substance and importance determine classification.
C applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 24, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Automatic imprisonment
Cancellation of every contract
Specific performance in every case
A claim for damages
Correct answer: D. A claim for damages
D restates the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 24, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A contract of sale transfers ownership in goods from seller to buyer for a price. Where ownership transfers immediately, the contract is a sale. Where transfer is to occur at a future time or subject to a condition later fulfilled, the contract is an agreement to sell. It becomes a sale when the time passes or the condition is fulfilled. In a sale, loss ordinarily follows ownership unless otherwise agreed. In an agreement to sell, ownership remains with the seller until transfer, though a party may still be liable for its own fault. The classification depends on when the parties intended ownership to pass, not merely when possession or payment occurred. Apply only these principles.
A sale
An agreement without consideration
A bailment only
A future gift
Correct answer: A. A sale
A applies the definition of sale.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
An immediate sale
An agreement to sell
A completed gift
A pledge
Correct answer: B. An agreement to sell
B follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Only when litigation begins
Whenever possession changes
When the specified time passes or condition is fulfilled
Never
Correct answer: C. When the specified time passes or condition is fulfilled
C restates the conversion rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
The buyer in every case
The carrier always
The State
The seller, because ownership remains with the seller
Correct answer: D. The seller, because ownership remains with the seller
D follows from the ownership-risk rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
The parties' intention about when ownership passes
Payment alone
Possession alone
The colour of the goods
Correct answer: A. The parties' intention about when ownership passes
A follows from the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Where a person contracts in writing and for consideration to transfer immovable property, and the terms can be ascertained with reasonable certainty, the transferee may receive protection through part performance. The transferee must have taken or continued in possession in part performance and done an act in furtherance of the contract. The transferee must also have performed or be willing to perform the transferee's part. When these requirements are met, the transferor is barred from enforcing rights against the transferee that are inconsistent with the contract, except rights expressly preserved by it. The doctrine ordinarily operates as a defence protecting possession. It does not itself create ownership or replace legal requirements for completing the transfer. Apply only these principles.
Yes, writing is irrelevant.
No, a written contract is required.
Only if no consideration exists
Yes, if the property is movable.
Correct answer: B. No, a written contract is required.
B applies the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, the contract alone is enough.
Only if T pays tax
No, the stated possession element is absent.
Yes, if the transferor changes address.
Correct answer: C. No, the stated possession element is absent.
C follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every transferee is protected.
Only if possession is brief
Yes, willingness is optional.
No, performance or willingness is required.
Correct answer: D. No, performance or willingness is required.
D applies the express requirement.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Enforcing rights against T that are inconsistent with the contract
Seeking any expressly preserved right
Completing the transfer
Recognising T's possession
Correct answer: A. Enforcing rights against T that are inconsistent with the contract
A follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, automatically.
No, it ordinarily protects possession as a defence.
Only if the price is low
Yes, without any completed transfer.
Correct answer: B. No, it ordinarily protects possession as a defence.
B applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 25, prepared in the official passage-based format.
An agent may bind a principal when acting within actual authority given by the principal. A principal may also be bound where the principal's conduct reasonably causes a third party to believe that the agent has authority. An agent who exceeds authority does not ordinarily bind the principal beyond the authorised part. If the authorised and unauthorised parts can be separated, the principal may be bound by the authorised part. A principal may later ratify an unauthorised act. Valid ratification requires knowledge of material facts and adoption of the whole transaction. It relates back to the time of the act. Ratification cannot be used to injure a third party by retrospectively destroying a right already acquired. Apply only these principles.
Yes, A acted within actual authority.
No, an agent can never bind a principal.
Only if T is also an agent
Only after a court order
Correct answer: A. Yes, A acted within actual authority.
A applies the rule of actual authority.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Ratification is impossible.
P may be bound because P created a reasonable appearance of authority.
Private instructions always bind an unaware third party.
The transaction is necessarily a gift.
Correct answer: B. P may be bound because P created a reasonable appearance of authority.
B applies the apparent authority principle.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
P is bound by neither part.
P is bound by both parts automatically.
P may be bound by the authorised purchase only.
A becomes the principal.
Correct answer: C. P may be bound by the authorised purchase only.
C applies the separability rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, partial knowledge is sufficient.
Yes, a principal may select only benefits.
Yes, if A remains silent.
No, material knowledge and adoption of the whole transaction are required.
Correct answer: D. No, material knowledge and adoption of the whole transaction are required.
D applies both ratification requirements.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, ratification cannot retrospectively injure T's acquired right.
Yes, in every case.
Only if A objects
Yes, because timing is irrelevant.
Correct answer: A. No, ratification cannot retrospectively injure T's acquired right.
A applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A person may use necessary and proportionate force to defend against an imminent unlawful threat to body or property. The right is preventive, not punitive. The defender need not wait to be struck if the threat is reasonably imminent. Mere words, remote fear, or a past attack do not by themselves justify present force. The right continues only while the danger continues. Once the aggressor withdraws and the threat ends, later force is retaliation. The degree of permissible force depends on the nature of the threat. Force likely to cause death is not justified against a minor threat unless the circumstances reasonably indicate grave danger. Apply only these principles.
Yes, injury must occur first.
No, D may respond to a reasonably imminent threat.
Only if a witness is present
Yes, because defence is always punitive.
Correct answer: B. No, D may respond to a reasonably imminent threat.
B applies the imminence rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every earlier threat remains imminent.
Yes, punishment is the object of defence.
No, the force is retaliatory rather than preventive.
Only if D was angry
Correct answer: C. No, the force is retaliatory rather than preventive.
C follows from the first three paragraphs.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
The right continues forever.
Withdrawal increases the threat.
Pursuit is always necessary.
The later strike is not protected because the danger had ended.
Correct answer: D. The later strike is not protected because the danger had ended.
D applies the duration rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, the response is disproportionate to the minor threat.
Yes, every push permits lethal force.
Yes, proportionality is irrelevant.
Only because the argument was minor
Correct answer: A. No, the response is disproportionate to the minor threat.
A applies the proportionality requirement.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
To punish past wrongdoing
To prevent an imminent unlawful harm
To obtain compensation
To replace every public authority
Correct answer: B. To prevent an imminent unlawful harm
B restates the preventive purpose.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 26, prepared in the official passage-based format.
An agreement restraining a person from exercising a lawful profession, trade, or business is void to the extent of the restraint, unless it falls within a stated exception. One exception applies when a seller of the goodwill of a business agrees with the buyer not to carry on a similar business within reasonable local limits, so long as the buyer carries on that business there. A restraint wider than reasonably necessary for the protected interest is not saved merely because the parties called it reasonable. A restriction during employment that requires an employee to work exclusively for the employer may protect the performance of the current contract. A restriction operating after employment ends is ordinarily a restraint of trade unless an exception applies. Apply only these principles.
No, it is void to the extent of the restraint.
Yes, every contractual restraint is valid.
Only if R changes profession
Yes, because it is permanent.
Correct answer: A. No, it is void to the extent of the restraint.
A applies the general rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, sale of goodwill is irrelevant.
Yes, it falls within the stated exception if the local limit is reasonable.
Only if S sells no goodwill
Yes, even if it covers every country.
Correct answer: B. Yes, it falls within the stated exception if the local limit is reasonable.
B applies the goodwill exception.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.