CLAT UG question bank
CLAT UG Legal Reasoning questions 287-310 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering self-contained legal principles, factual application, changes in outcome, rights, duties, liability, and remedies.
Coverage
Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.
Ordinarily, only a party to a contract may enforce it. A person who merely benefits from a promise but is not a party cannot sue on the contract. A beneficiary may enforce where a recognised exception applies, including a trust created in the beneficiary's favour or a valid assignment of a contractual right. An assignment transfers the specified right to the assignee but does not automatically transfer personal obligations that depend on the original party's skill or confidence. A contract cannot impose a burden on a stranger without that person's consent. Apply only these principles.
No, exceptions never apply.
Only if T made the original promise
Yes, a trust for T is a recognised exception.
Only if no benefit exists.
Correct answer: C. Yes, a trust for T is a recognised exception.
C follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Every personal duty of A
No right at all
A burden without consent
The specified payment right transferred by assignment
Correct answer: D. The specified payment right transferred by assignment
D applies the assignment rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, personal obligations dependent on skill do not transfer automatically.
Yes, every obligation is freely assignable.
Only if T demands payment
Yes, without the other party's concern.
Correct answer: A. No, personal obligations dependent on skill do not transfer automatically.
A follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every contract binds the public.
No, a contract cannot impose that burden on T without consent.
Only if P writes twice
Yes, because T is named.
Correct answer: B. No, a contract cannot impose that burden on T without consent.
B applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A defendant is negligent where a duty of care is breached and that breach causes legally recognised harm. A claimant is contributorily negligent when the claimant fails to take reasonable care for personal safety and that failure contributes to the harm. Contributory negligence does not ordinarily erase the defendant's liability. Damages are reduced in a proportion considered just according to each party's contribution. If the claimant's conduct did not contribute to the harm, mere carelessness on an unrelated matter does not justify reduction. Apply only these principles.
D is negligent under the stated rule.
C must always bear the loss.
No duty can exist.
C's unrelated conduct decides everything.
Correct answer: A. D is negligent under the stated rule.
A applies the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Strict liability only
Contributory negligence
Privity of contract
Remission
Correct answer: B. Contributory negligence
B applies the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
D has no liability in every case.
C receives automatic full damages.
Damages are reduced according to a just apportionment.
The injury is ignored.
Correct answer: C. Damages are reduced according to a just apportionment.
C follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, any carelessness is enough.
Yes, even without causation.
Only if D requests it
No, the claimant's conduct must contribute to the harm.
Correct answer: D. No, the claimant's conduct must contribute to the harm.
D applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Each party's contribution to the harm
The claimant's wealth
The defendant's occupation
The number of witnesses alone
Correct answer: A. Each party's contribution to the harm
A follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Intention alone is not an attempt. Preparation consists of arranging the means or measures needed to commit an offence and is ordinarily not punishable under these principles. An attempt begins when, after preparation, a person intentionally performs an act directly moving towards commission of the offence. The act must be sufficiently proximate and not merely remote planning. Abandonment after the attempt has begun does not erase the attempt, though voluntary withdrawal may be relevant to punishment under another rule. Factual impossibility is not a defence where the accused intended the offence and performed acts that would have completed it if circumstances were as believed. Apply only these principles.
Yes, intention is always enough.
No, intention alone is not an attempt.
Only if A tells a friend
Yes, because time is irrelevant.
Correct answer: B. No, intention alone is not an attempt.
B applies the first sentence.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Completed offence
Punishable attempt in every case
Preparation under the stated principles
Abandonment after attempt
Correct answer: C. Preparation under the stated principles
C follows from the first two paragraphs.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A has only formed an idea.
A remains in remote planning.
No offence can ever occur.
A has directly moved towards commission and may have attempted the offence.
Correct answer: D. A has directly moved towards commission and may have attempted the offence.
D applies the proximity rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, later abandonment does not erase an attempt already begun.
Yes, in every case.
Only if police arrive
Yes, because intention disappears retrospectively.
Correct answer: A. No, later abandonment does not erase an attempt already begun.
A follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, an empty pocket always prevents attempt.
No, factual impossibility is not a defence under the stated rule.
Only if the pocket belongs to A
Yes, because intention is irrelevant.
Correct answer: B. No, factual impossibility is not a defence under the stated rule.
B applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 30, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Where a person purports to transfer property that belongs to another and, as part of the same transaction, confers a benefit on the true owner, the owner must elect. The owner may confirm the transfer and keep the benefit, or reject the transfer and relinquish the benefit provided by that transaction. Election requires knowledge of the duty to choose and of the material circumstances. Acceptance of the benefit with such knowledge may amount to confirmation. No election arises where the supposed benefit comes from a separate and independent transaction. Apply only these principles.
Choose between confirming the transfer with the benefit or rejecting it and relinquishing the benefit.
Keep both land and benefit automatically.
Transfer unrelated property.
Accept every term without choice.
Correct answer: A. Choose between confirming the transfer with the benefit or rejecting it and relinquishing the benefit.
A applies the first two paragraphs.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, confirmation removes every benefit.
Yes, confirmation permits O to retain the benefit.
Only if B rejects the property
Only under a separate transaction.
Correct answer: B. Yes, confirmation permits O to retain the benefit.
B follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
O must still keep it.
B must create another transfer.
O must relinquish the benefit from that transaction.
The property becomes ownerless.
Correct answer: C. O must relinquish the benefit from that transaction.
C applies the election rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, knowledge never matters.
Yes, every receipt is final.
Only if the benefit is small
No, election requires knowledge of material circumstances and the duty.
Correct answer: D. No, election requires knowledge of material circumstances and the duty.
D follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, the transactions must be connected as stated.
Yes, every benefit triggers election.
Only if O owns no property
Yes, even without an attempted transfer.
Correct answer: A. No, the transactions must be connected as stated.
A applies the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A negligent defendant is liable only for harm sufficiently connected to the breach. The breach must be a factual cause, but factual causation alone may not settle legal responsibility. A later independent and unforeseeable act may break the chain of causation. The defendant is then not liable for harm caused solely after that break. A normal or reasonably foreseeable response to the danger created by the defendant does not ordinarily break the chain, even if it contributes to the final harm. An intervening act must be assessed by its independence, foreseeability, and effect on the result. Apply only these principles.
Yes, breach alone is enough.
No, the breach must contribute factually to the harm.
Only if D apologises
Yes, because legal causation comes first.
Correct answer: B. No, the breach must contribute factually to the harm.
B applies the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
D is always liable for everything.
The later act is irrelevant.
The later act may break the chain of causation.
C becomes negligent automatically.
Correct answer: C. The later act may break the chain of causation.
C follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every rescue is independent.
Yes, because another person acted.
Only if the rescue succeeds
No, a foreseeable response ordinarily does not break the chain.
Correct answer: D. No, a foreseeable response ordinarily does not break the chain.
D applies the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Independence, foreseeability, and effect on the result
The defendant's income only
The claimant's address
The number of documents
Correct answer: A. Independence, foreseeability, and effect on the result
A restates the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Factual causation always completes liability.
A factual cause may still be too disconnected for legal responsibility.
Every later act breaks the chain.
Foreseeability never matters.
Correct answer: B. A factual cause may still be too disconnected for legal responsibility.
B follows from the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 31, prepared in the official passage-based format.