CLAT UG question bank

Legal Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG, Page 5

CLAT UG Legal Reasoning questions 96-119 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering self-contained legal principles, factual application, changes in outcome, rights, duties, liability, and remedies.

310 questions61 topics96-119 on this page
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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • Agency and Authority10
  • Agreements in Restraint of Trade5
  • Anticipatory Breach of Contract5
  • Appropriation of Payments5
  • Assault and Battery5
  • Assignment of Contractual Rights5
  • Authority of an Agent and Ratification5
  • Bailment and Duty of Care5
  • Breach of Condition and Warranty5
  • Caveat Emptor and Quality of Goods5
  • Coercion in Contracts5
  • Communication and Revocation of Proposals5
  • Contingent Contracts5
  • Contract of Guarantee and Surety5
  • Contract of Indemnity5
  • Contractual Misrepresentation5
  • Contributory Negligence and Apportionment5
  • Defamation and Defences5
  • Defamation and Responsible Publication5
  • Doctrine of Election in Property Transfers5
  • Doctrine of Part Performance5
  • False Imprisonment5
  • Fraud and Contractual Consent5
  • Frustration of Contract5
  • Fundamental Rights and Proportionality5
  • Guarantee Obtained by Misrepresentation5
  • Informed Consent to Medical Treatment5
  • Intervening Acts and Causation5
  • Joint Promisors and Contribution5
  • Malicious Prosecution5
  • Mistake and Restitution5
  • Necessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person5
  • Negligence and Standard of Care5
  • Non-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution5
  • Novation and Alteration of Contract5
  • Occupier Liability to Visitors5
  • Offer, Acceptance, and Revocation5
  • Pledge and Rights of the Pawnee5
  • Preparation and Criminal Attempt5
  • Private Defence of the Person5
  • Private Necessity and Property Damage5
  • Privity and Third-Party Rights5
  • Promissory Estoppel and Public Interest5
  • Public Nuisance and Special Damage5
  • Remission and Waiver of Contractual Performance5
  • Remoteness of Contractual Damages5
  • Res Ipsa Loquitur5
  • Right of Private Defence5
  • Rights and Duties of a Finder of Goods5
  • Rights of an Unpaid Seller5
  • Sale and Agreement to Sell5
  • Sale by a Non-Owner5
  • Sale by Sample and Description5
  • Stipulated Damages and Reasonable Compensation5
  • Strict Liability and Escape5
  • Time as the Essence of Contract5
  • Trespass to Goods and Conversion5
  • Trespass to Land and Necessity5
  • Undue Influence in Contracts5
  • Unlawful Object and Severability5
  • Vicarious Liability5
Passage or principleOriginal legal principle and fact scenarios

False imprisonment is the intentional and complete restriction of a person's freedom of movement without lawful justification. Physical force is unnecessary. A locked door, a threat of immediate force, or an assertion of legal authority may suffice if the person has no reasonable means of escape. The restriction must be complete. Preventing a person from travelling in one direction is not false imprisonment if a reasonable alternative route remains available. A dangerous or humiliating escape is not a reasonable alternative. The claimant need not know of the confinement at the time, although lack of awareness may affect damages. Valid consent or lawful authority defeats the claim. Apply only these principles.

Question 96MediumFalse Imprisonment

A guard intentionally locks P in a room without authority for twenty minutes. Is false imprisonment established?

  1. A

    No, confinement must last one day.

  2. B

    No, physical injury is essential.

  3. C

    Yes, P's movement was completely restricted without lawful justification.

  4. D

    Yes, but only if P damaged the door.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Yes, P's movement was completely restricted without lawful justification.

C satisfies intentional, complete, and unjustified restraint.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 97HardFalse Imprisonment

D orders P to remain in an office and threatens immediate force if P leaves. There is no safe alternative exit. What is the best conclusion?

  1. A

    The threat may amount to complete restraint even without physical contact.

  2. B

    There is no restraint unless the door is locked.

  3. C

    P must first suffer bodily injury.

  4. D

    Only a written threat can restrict movement.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The threat may amount to complete restraint even without physical contact.

A applies the rule that immediate threats may confine without force.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 98MediumFalse Imprisonment

D blocks one public path, but P has a nearby safe and reasonable alternative route. Is P falsely imprisoned?

  1. A

    Yes, every obstruction is complete restraint.

  2. B

    Yes, because P preferred the blocked path.

  3. C

    No, but only if D owns the path.

  4. D

    No, a reasonable alternative route means the restriction is not complete.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. No, a reasonable alternative route means the restriction is not complete.

D applies the requirement of complete restriction.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 99HardFalse Imprisonment

P is confined while asleep and learns of it later. Does lack of awareness automatically defeat the claim?

  1. A

    Yes, awareness is an element of liability.

  2. B

    No, awareness is unnecessary, though it may affect damages.

  3. C

    Yes, because sleeping amounts to consent.

  4. D

    No, but damages must always be identical.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. No, awareness is unnecessary, though it may affect damages.

B states the awareness rule exactly.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 100MediumFalse Imprisonment

The only exit requires P to cross a dangerously unstable roof. Is that a reasonable alternative?

  1. A

    Yes, any physical opening is reasonable.

  2. B

    Yes, if P is in a hurry.

  3. C

    No, a dangerous escape is not a reasonable alternative.

  4. D

    No, because roofs are never exits.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. No, a dangerous escape is not a reasonable alternative.

C follows from the second paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal legal principle and fact scenarios

A person who supplies necessaries to someone incapable of contracting is entitled to reimbursement from the incapable person's property. Necessaries are goods or services suited to that person's condition in life and actual requirements at the time of supply. The rule does not create personal contractual liability. Recovery is limited to reasonable reimbursement from available property. Luxury goods are not necessaries merely because the recipient enjoys them. Goods that would ordinarily be necessary may fall outside the rule if the recipient was already adequately supplied. The same principles apply to necessaries supplied to a person whom the incapable person is legally bound to support. Apply only these principles.

Question 101MediumNecessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person

S supplies essential medicine reasonably required by a minor who has property. What remedy is available?

  1. A

    Reasonable reimbursement may be obtained from the minor's property.

  2. B

    The minor is personally liable for contractual damages.

  3. C

    S becomes owner of all the minor's property.

  4. D

    No recovery is possible in any circumstance.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Reasonable reimbursement may be obtained from the minor's property.

A applies the rule on necessaries and property-based reimbursement.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 102MediumNecessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person

S supplies an expensive decorative sculpture to a minor who enjoys art. Is it a necessary merely because the minor likes it?

  1. A

    Yes, enjoyment makes every item necessary.

  2. B

    Yes, if the sculpture is valuable.

  3. C

    No, luxury goods do not become necessaries merely through enjoyment.

  4. D

    No, because art can never be sold to minors.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. No, luxury goods do not become necessaries merely through enjoyment.

C follows the express limitation concerning luxury goods.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 103HardNecessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person

S supplies a second winter coat to a minor who already has adequate suitable clothing. Can S claim reimbursement under the passage?

  1. A

    Yes, every coat is automatically necessary.

  2. B

    No, actual requirements were already adequately met.

  3. C

    Yes, if S expected payment.

  4. D

    No, but only if the coat was a different colour.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. No, actual requirements were already adequately met.

B applies the actual-requirements test.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 104HardNecessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person

An incapable recipient has no property. Can the supplier impose personal contractual liability under this rule?

  1. A

    Yes, incapacity creates stronger personal liability.

  2. B

    Yes, whenever the supplier acted honestly.

  3. C

    No, but the State must always pay.

  4. D

    No, the rule permits reimbursement from property rather than personal contractual liability.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. No, the rule permits reimbursement from property rather than personal contractual liability.

D states the limit on the source and nature of recovery.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 105MediumNecessaries Supplied to an Incapable Person

S provides essential food to a child whom incapable P is legally bound to support. P has property. Does the rule potentially apply?

  1. A

    Yes, it extends to necessaries for a person P is legally bound to support.

  2. B

    No, it applies only to goods physically used by P.

  3. C

    No, food is never a necessary.

  4. D

    Yes, but only if the child owns property.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Yes, it extends to necessaries for a person P is legally bound to support.

A follows the final paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal legal principle and fact scenarios

A person may use reasonable force to defend against an imminent unlawful threat to themselves or another. The force must be necessary in the circumstances as reasonably perceived and proportionate to the threatened harm. The right begins when a reasonable apprehension of imminent harm arises. A person need not wait to be struck. It ends when the threat ends, so force used later for punishment or revenge is not defensive. A reasonable mistake about the existence of a threat may preserve the defence, but an unreasonable mistake does not. Deliberately provoking an attack in order to use force prevents reliance on the defence. Apply only these principles.

Question 106MediumPrivate Defence of the Person

D raises a knife and moves toward P while threatening immediate injury. Must P wait to be struck before using necessary force?

  1. A

    Yes, defence begins only after physical injury.

  2. B

    No, a reasonable apprehension of imminent harm is sufficient.

  3. C

    Yes, because threats are always lawful.

  4. D

    No, and P may use unlimited force.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. No, a reasonable apprehension of imminent harm is sufficient.

B applies the rule that defensive force may precede the first blow.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 107HardPrivate Defence of the Person

A lightly pushed P responds with force plainly likely to cause death, though safe lesser force was available. What is the best conclusion?

  1. A

    The response may fail because it was unnecessary and disproportionate.

  2. B

    Every unlawful touch permits deadly force.

  3. C

    Proportionality is irrelevant to private defence.

  4. D

    P succeeds because anger proves apprehension.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The response may fail because it was unnecessary and disproportionate.

A applies necessity and proportionality.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 108MediumPrivate Defence of the Person

After the attacker leaves and danger ends, P follows and strikes the attacker solely as punishment. Is the force defensive?

  1. A

    Yes, the earlier threat continues forever.

  2. B

    Yes, punishment is part of private defence.

  3. C

    No, force after the threat ends is retaliation.

  4. D

    No, but only if a witness is present.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. No, force after the threat ends is retaliation.

C follows the rule that the defence ends with the threat.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 109HardPrivate Defence of the Person

In poor light, P reasonably but mistakenly believes that D is drawing a weapon for an immediate attack. May the mistake preserve the defence?

  1. A

    No, a mistake always defeats the defence.

  2. B

    No, because darkness transfers liability.

  3. C

    Yes, every fear is automatically reasonable.

  4. D

    Yes, if the mistake and response were reasonable in the circumstances.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Yes, if the mistake and response were reasonable in the circumstances.

D applies the reasonable-mistake rule.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 110MediumPrivate Defence of the Person

P deliberately provokes D into attacking so that P can injure D under the appearance of defence. Can P rely on the passage?

  1. A

    Yes, because D delivered the first blow.

  2. B

    No, deliberate provocation for that purpose defeats the defence.

  3. C

    Yes, if P later regrets the plan.

  4. D

    No, because private defence protects only property.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. No, deliberate provocation for that purpose defeats the defence.

B applies the final limitation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal legal principle and fact scenarios

When a person lawfully does something for another, without intending it to be gratuitous, and the other person enjoys the benefit, the beneficiary must compensate the actor or restore the thing received. All three elements are required: the act must be lawful, it must not be intended as a gift, and the other person must voluntarily accept or enjoy the benefit. A person cannot force an unwanted benefit on another and demand payment. Compensation is reasonable value, not automatically whatever amount the actor later demands. An act performed under a separate valid contract is governed by that contract rather than this restitutionary rule. Apply only these principles.

Question 111MediumNon-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution

S mistakenly delivers building materials to P, explains that payment is expected, and P knowingly uses them. What is the best conclusion?

  1. A

    P owes nothing because no written contract exists.

  2. B

    P may owe reasonable compensation after knowingly enjoying a non-gratuitous benefit.

  3. C

    S may demand any price chosen later.

  4. D

    P automatically becomes S's employee.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. P may owe reasonable compensation after knowingly enjoying a non-gratuitous benefit.

B applies lawful supply, non-gratuitous intent, and accepted benefit.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 112HardNon-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution

S paints P's house despite P's clear refusal and then demands payment. Does the rule apply?

  1. A

    Yes, every improvement requires payment.

  2. B

    Yes, because paint has value.

  3. C

    No, but only if P dislikes the colour.

  4. D

    No, S cannot impose an unwanted benefit and demand compensation.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. No, S cannot impose an unwanted benefit and demand compensation.

D applies the voluntary-acceptance requirement.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 113MediumNon-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution

S gives P a birthday gift intending no payment. P keeps it. Can S later claim compensation under this rule?

  1. A

    No, the act was intended to be gratuitous.

  2. B

    Yes, every retained item creates liability.

  3. C

    Yes, if S later changes intention.

  4. D

    No, because gifts are unlawful.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. No, the act was intended to be gratuitous.

A follows from the requirement of non-gratuitous intent.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 114HardNon-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution

If the rule applies, what amount is ordinarily recoverable?

  1. A

    Any amount later demanded by the actor

  2. B

    Punitive damages in every case

  3. C

    Reasonable value of the benefit or restoration of the thing

  4. D

    The beneficiary's entire profit

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Reasonable value of the benefit or restoration of the thing

C states the measure in the final paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 115MediumNon-Gratuitous Acts and Restitution

S performs work governed by a valid contract with P. Which basis primarily governs payment?

  1. A

    The restitutionary rule always replaces the contract.

  2. B

    P may choose whether law applies.

  3. C

    No payment can ever be claimed.

  4. D

    The valid contract governs the agreed performance.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The valid contract governs the agreed performance.

D applies the final sentence of the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal legal principle and fact scenarios

A claimant alleging malicious prosecution must prove that the defendant initiated or continued a prosecution, that it ended in the claimant's favour, that there was no reasonable and probable cause, that the defendant acted with malice, and that the claimant suffered legally recognised damage. Malice means an improper purpose other than honestly bringing an offender to justice. Lack of reasonable cause and malice are distinct requirements. Carelessness alone does not necessarily prove either. A person who merely gives truthful information to the police, leaving the decision entirely to them, does not ordinarily initiate the prosecution. A person who knowingly supplies false material and actively procures prosecution may do so. Apply only these principles.

Question 116MediumMalicious Prosecution

Which circumstance is required for malicious prosecution?

  1. A

    The prosecution must result in conviction.

  2. B

    The defendant must be a police officer.

  3. C

    The prosecution must end in the claimant's favour.

  4. D

    The claimant must prove physical injury.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The prosecution must end in the claimant's favour.

C is one of the required elements.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 117HardMalicious Prosecution

D prosecutes P solely to pressure P into paying an unrelated private debt. What does this fact most directly support?

  1. A

    Malice through an improper purpose

  2. B

    Reasonable and probable cause

  3. C

    A conviction of P

  4. D

    Lawful authority to punish P

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Malice through an improper purpose

A supports an improper collateral purpose.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 118MediumMalicious Prosecution

Does proof of malice automatically establish absence of reasonable and probable cause?

  1. A

    Yes, the two elements are identical.

  2. B

    Yes, whenever P was acquitted.

  3. C

    No, but only in civil proceedings.

  4. D

    No, the passage treats them as distinct requirements.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. No, the passage treats them as distinct requirements.

D follows expressly from the second paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 119HardMalicious Prosecution

D knowingly gives false evidence and actively pressures police to prosecute P. Has D potentially initiated the prosecution?

  1. A

    No, only a judge can initiate prosecution.

  2. B

    Yes, knowingly procuring prosecution with false material may satisfy initiation.

  3. C

    No, information supplied to police is never relevant.

  4. D

    Yes, even if no prosecution occurs.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Yes, knowingly procuring prosecution with false material may satisfy initiation.

B applies the active-procurement rule.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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English Language310 questions with explanationsCurrent Affairs including General Knowledge310 questions with explanationsLogical Reasoning310 questions with explanationsQuantitative Techniques310 questions with explanations