CLAT UG question bank
CLAT UG Legal Reasoning questions 191-214 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering self-contained legal principles, factual application, changes in outcome, rights, duties, liability, and remedies.
Coverage
Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.
Anticipatory breach occurs when, before performance is due, a party refuses to perform the promise in its entirety or disables itself from performing. The promisee may treat the contract as ended immediately and claim available remedies. Alternatively, the promisee may keep the contract alive until the performance date. If the promisee keeps it alive, both parties remain bound, and a later event that lawfully discharges the contract may affect the promisee's claim. The promisee must not continue performance merely to increase avoidable loss. A doubtful statement is not necessarily repudiation. The words or conduct must show a clear refusal or inability to perform the essential promise. Apply only these principles.
A completed sale
A minor delay only
Anticipatory breach
Automatic novation
Correct answer: C. Anticipatory breach
C applies the definition of clear advance refusal.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, the promisee must always wait.
Only a court may choose.
Only after performing more work
Yes, the passage permits that election.
Correct answer: D. Yes, the passage permits that election.
D follows from the second paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
The contract remains alive and both parties remain bound.
The contract becomes a gift.
Every future event becomes irrelevant.
The promisor is automatically imprisoned.
Correct answer: A. The contract remains alive and both parties remain bound.
A applies the alternative election.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every added cost is recoverable.
No, avoidable loss cannot be deliberately increased.
Only if the work is expensive
Yes, because breach removes all limits.
Correct answer: B. No, avoidable loss cannot be deliberately increased.
B applies the stated limit on avoidable loss.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every question is repudiation.
Yes, because discussion is prohibited.
No, a clear refusal or inability is required.
No, because anticipatory breach never exists.
Correct answer: C. No, a clear refusal or inability is required.
C applies the requirement of clear repudiation.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
In a sale by sample, there is an implied condition that the bulk will correspond with the sample in quality. The buyer must receive a reasonable opportunity to compare the bulk with the sample. The goods must also be free from a defect making them unmerchantable where the defect is not apparent on reasonable examination of the sample. In a sale by description, the goods must correspond with the description. If a sale is by both sample and description, matching the sample alone is insufficient when the goods do not match the description. These rules concern conformity, not perfection. A defect that does not violate the applicable sample, description, or merchantability condition does not automatically establish breach. Apply only these principles.
Yes, quantity alone matters.
Only if the buyer objects before delivery
Yes, every sample is approximate.
No, the bulk must correspond with the sample.
Correct answer: D. No, the bulk must correspond with the sample.
D applies the first condition.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, the buyer must receive a reasonable opportunity to compare.
Yes, comparison is never allowed.
Only if the goods are cheap
Yes, if S describes the packaging.
Correct answer: A. No, the buyer must receive a reasonable opportunity to compare.
A follows from the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, hidden defects never matter.
Yes, the passage expressly covers such a defect.
Only if the description names the defect
No, because the sample controls everything.
Correct answer: B. Yes, the passage expressly covers such a defect.
B applies the latent-defect rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, matching the sample is conclusive.
Only if quantity is lower
Yes, the goods must satisfy both sample and description.
No, descriptions are irrelevant.
Correct answer: C. Yes, the goods must satisfy both sample and description.
C applies the cumulative requirement.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every difference is breach.
Only if B dislikes it
Yes, perfection is implied.
No, the stated conditions govern conformity.
Correct answer: D. No, the stated conditions govern conformity.
D follows from the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 20, prepared in the official passage-based format.
When a contract is broken, compensation may be recovered for loss that naturally arose in the usual course from the breach, or that the parties knew at formation was likely to result from breach. Compensation is not available for remote and indirect loss. A special loss may be recoverable when the relevant special circumstances were communicated before the contract was made. The injured party must take reasonable steps to reduce avoidable loss. This duty does not require unreasonable risk or expense. Damages aim to compensate for covered loss, not punish the party in breach or place the injured party in a better position than proper performance would have done. Apply only these principles.
Yes, it naturally arises in the usual course.
No, only special loss is recoverable.
Only as criminal punishment
No, damages never follow breach.
Correct answer: A. Yes, it naturally arises in the usual course.
A applies the ordinary-loss rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every consequence is covered.
Only if it exceeds the contract price
No, the basis for special-loss recovery is absent.
Yes, because communication is irrelevant.
Correct answer: C. No, the basis for special-loss recovery is absent.
C follows from the notice requirement.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
It is automatically doubled.
It becomes a penalty.
It is recoverable without proof.
It is not compensable under the stated rule.
Correct answer: D. It is not compensable under the stated rule.
D applies the express exclusion.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, mitigation is optional.
No, P must take reasonable steps to reduce avoidable loss.
Only if the breach was written
Yes, damages are punitive.
Correct answer: B. No, P must take reasonable steps to reduce avoidable loss.
B applies the mitigation rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
To compensate covered loss rather than punish
To reward every claimant
To impose imprisonment
To improve the claimant's position beyond performance
Correct answer: A. To compensate covered loss rather than punish
A follows from the final paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
When two or more persons make a joint promise, the promisee may, in the absence of a contrary agreement, compel any one or more joint promisors to perform the whole promise. A joint promisor who performs more than a proper share may require equal contribution from the others, unless their agreement fixes different shares. If one joint promisor defaults in contribution, the remaining joint promisors bear that deficiency equally, subject to any contrary agreement. Release of one joint promisor by the promisee does not discharge the other joint promisors. It also does not free the released promisor from responsibility to the other joint promisors for contribution. Apply only these principles.
No, P must sue all together.
Yes, P may compel any one or more joint promisors.
Only if B leaves the country
No, joint promises are unenforceable.
Correct answer: B. Yes, P may compel any one or more joint promisors.
B applies the first paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A criminal sentence for B and C
The full sum again from P
No remedy at all
Equal contribution from B and C
Correct answer: D. Equal contribution from B and C
D applies the contribution rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
The promisee alone
The State
The remaining joint promisors equally
No one
Correct answer: C. The remaining joint promisors equally
C follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, release of A does not discharge them.
Yes, every release discharges all.
Only C is discharged.
Yes, unless A objects.
Correct answer: A. No, release of A does not discharge them.
A applies the release rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, in every case.
No, A may remain responsible to the other joint promisors.
Only if P pays A
Yes, because contribution never exists.
Correct answer: B. No, A may remain responsible to the other joint promisors.
B follows from the final sentence.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 21, prepared in the official passage-based format.
A contractual right to receive money or another impersonal benefit may generally be assigned unless the contract prohibits assignment or the assignment materially changes the obligor's burden. A right involving personal confidence, skill, or a relationship chosen for a particular person cannot ordinarily be assigned without consent. Contractual duties cannot be transferred so as to release the original promisor without the promisee's consent. Another person may perform, but the original promisor remains responsible unless a valid substitution occurs. The assignee takes the assigned right subject to defences that could have been raised against the assignor before notice of assignment. Apply only these principles.
Never
Only to the promisor
Yes, an impersonal payment right is generally assignable.
Only after breach
Correct answer: C. Yes, an impersonal payment right is generally assignable.
C applies the general rule.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 22, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, all personal duties are freely assignable.
No, the duty involves chosen personal skill.
Only if the new painter charges more
Yes, consent is irrelevant.
Correct answer: B. No, the duty involves chosen personal skill.
B applies the personal-skill limitation.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 22, prepared in the official passage-based format.
No, D remains responsible without valid substitution.
Yes, delegation always releases D.
Only if X fails
Yes, when D gives notice.
Correct answer: A. No, D remains responsible without valid substitution.
A follows from the third paragraph.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 22, prepared in the official passage-based format.
Yes, every right is assignable.
Only if the assignee pays more
Yes, prohibition has no effect.
No, the stated exception applies.
Correct answer: D. No, the stated exception applies.
D applies the express restriction.
Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 22, prepared in the official passage-based format.