Judiciary question bank

Family Law MCQs for Judiciary, Page 7

Judiciary Family Law questions 151-175 of 300, with answer keys and explanations covering marriage, divorce, maintenance, succession, adoption, guardianship, Hindu law, Muslim law, and family courts.

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Practice judiciary exam MCQs with answers and explanations across substantive law, procedure, evidence, constitutional law, and state judicial service subjects.

  • Adoption and Maintenance18
  • Classical Hindu Law17
  • Code of Criminal Procedure - Section 125 - Maintenance1
  • Constitutional Family Law14
  • Domestic Violence9
  • Dowry Law5
  • Family Courts5
  • Guardianship and Custody9
  • Hindu Adoption - Shabnam Hashmi case1
  • Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 1956 - Essentials of Valid Adoption1
  • Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 1956 - Section 11 - Conditions for Valid Adoption1
  • Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 1956 - Section 18 - Maintenance of Wife1
  • Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 1956 - Section 7 - Capacity to Adopt1
  • Hindu Joint Family - Karta's Powers1
  • Hindu Joint Family - Mitakshara vs Dayabhaga1
  • Hindu Joint Family - Partition1
  • Hindu Joint Family - Pious Obligation1
  • Hindu Joint Family - Sole Surviving Coparcener1
  • Hindu Law - Ancestral vs Self-Acquired Property1
  • Hindu Law - Coparcenary after 2005 Amendment1
  • Hindu Law - Customary Law vs Codified Law1
  • Hindu Law - Doctrine of Blending1
  • Hindu Law - Gift (Daan) vs Testamentary Succession1
  • Hindu Law - Live-in Relationship1
  • Hindu Law - Sapinda Relationship1
  • Hindu Marriage19
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Bhaurao Lokhande Case1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Irretrievable Breakdown1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Judicial Separation1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Lily Thomas Case1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 11 - Void Marriage1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 12 - Voidable Marriage1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 13 - Desertion1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 13 - Grounds for Divorce1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 13(2) - Divorce by Wife1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 13B - Mutual Consent Divorce1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 2 - Applicability1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 24 - Maintenance Pendente Lite1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 25 - Permanent Alimony1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 5 - Conditions of Valid Marriage1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 7 - Solemnisation1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 8 - Registration of Marriage1
  • Hindu Marriage Act 1955 - Section 9 - Restitution of Conjugal Rights1
  • Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956 - Section 6 - Natural Guardianship1
  • Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956 - Welfare of Child1
  • Hindu Property11
  • Hindu Succession19
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Class II Heirs1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Disqualification from Succession1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Half-Blood and Full-Blood Heirs1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 10 - Distribution Among Heirs1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 14 - Stridhan1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 15 - Succession to Property of Hindu Female1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 23 - Dwelling House (Pre-Amendment)1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 30 - Testamentary Succession1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 4 - Overriding Effect1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 6 - Daughter as Coparcener (2005 Amendment)1
  • Hindu Succession Act 1956 - Section 8 - Class I Heirs1
  • Maintenance4
  • Matrimonial Relief18
  • Muslim Law23
  • Muslim Law - Absolute Prohibitions on Marriage1
  • Muslim Law - Agnatic Residuaries (Asaba)1
  • Muslim Law - Application of Muslim Personal Law in India1
  • Muslim Law - Capacity to Marry - Guardianship for Marriage1
  • Muslim Law - Concept of Fasid vs Batil Marriage1
  • Muslim Law - Conditions for Valid Nikah1
  • Muslim Law - Consummation and Dower1
  • Muslim Law - Divorce by Husband - Revocable vs Irrevocable1
  • Muslim Law - Divorce by Husband's Death1
  • Muslim Law - Doctrine of Increase (Aul)1
  • Muslim Law - Doctrine of Return (Radd)1
  • Muslim Law - Faskh (Dissolution by Court)1
  • Muslim Law - Gift (Hiba)1
  • Muslim Law - Guardianship (Wilayat)1
  • Muslim Law - Hiba (Gift) - Conditions for Shia Law1
  • Muslim Law - Iddat1
  • Muslim Law - Ila (Vow of Abstinence)1
  • Muslim Law - Inheritance by Non-Muslims1
  • Muslim Law - Irregular (Fasid) Marriages1
  • Muslim Law - Khul and Mubarat1
  • Muslim Law - Legitimacy and Acknowledgment1
  • Muslim Law - Lian (Mutual Cursing)1
  • Muslim Law - Mahr (Dower)1
  • Muslim Law - Maintenance of Wife During Marriage1
  • Muslim Law - Marriage During Iddat1
  • Muslim Law - Marriage Registration - Nikahnama1
  • Muslim Law - Minor's Marriage and Option of Puberty1
  • Muslim Law - Muslim Marriage Registration1
  • Muslim Law - Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act 19371
  • Muslim Law - Muslim Women's Right to Maintenance under PWDVA1
  • Muslim Law - Mut'a Marriage (Shia)1
  • Muslim Law - Nasab (Legitimacy)1
  • Muslim Law - Nikah - Nature and Definition1
  • Muslim Law - Polygamy1
  • Muslim Law - Position of Illegitimate Child in Muslim Law1
  • Muslim Law - Principle of Awl in Succession1
  • Muslim Law - Priority of Debts in Muslim Succession1
  • Muslim Law - Prohibition on Marrying Two Sisters1
  • Muslim Law - Proper Dower and Specified Dower1
  • Muslim Law - Rights of Muslim Wife After Divorce1
  • Muslim Law - Sada Mehar (Simple Dower)1
  • Muslim Law - Shayara Bano Case - Constitutional Challenge1
  • Muslim Law - Succession - Sharer (Sahib al-Fard) vs Residuaries (Asaba)1
  • Muslim Law - Talaq by Written Communication1
  • Muslim Law - Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-Biddat)1
  • Muslim Law - Valid Forms of Talaq1
  • Muslim Law - Wakf1
  • Muslim Law - Will (Wasiyyat)1
  • Muslim Law - Zihar1
  • Muslim Succession14
  • Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 - Shah Bano Case1
  • Partition6
  • Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 - Section 3 - Definition1
  • Special Marriage Act9
  • Special Marriage Act 1954 - Application1
Question 151HardClassical Hindu Law

A Hindu family is proved to be joint, but one member claims a house standing in his name is self-acquired. Which statement best reflects the burden of proof?

  1. A

    The member in whose name property stands can never prove self-acquisition

  2. B

    Separate residence conclusively proves partition of estate

  3. C

    Jointness of family alone does not prove every property is joint; the party alleging joint family property must show nucleus or ancestral source

  4. D

    Every property held by any member is automatically joint family property

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Jointness of family alone does not prove every property is joint; the party alleging joint family property must show nucleus or ancestral source

Hindu law presumes jointness of family more readily than jointness of property. The party asserting joint family property must first prove the necessary foundation.

Source note: Singhal Family Law II Notes / Narendra Nath v. W.T. Commissioner

Question 152HardClassical Hindu Law

After the 2005 amendment, a senior daughter who is a coparcener claims to manage joint family property as Karta. Which answer is most defensible?

  1. A

    A daughter can manage only her separate property, not coparcenary property

  2. B

    Her claim cannot be rejected merely because she is female if she is otherwise the senior coparcener

  3. C

    A woman can never be Karta under any circumstances

  4. D

    Only a widow can be Karta and never a daughter

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Her claim cannot be rejected merely because she is female if she is otherwise the senior coparcener

Modern coparcenary equality supports female Karta recognition where coparcenary status and seniority justify it.

Source note: Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Section 6 / Sujata Sharma v. Manu Gupta

Question 153HardHindu Property

What is the effect of Section 6(4) of the Hindu Succession Act after the 2005 amendment?

  1. A

    It restricts enforcement of pious obligation against sons, grandsons, or great-grandsons for debts solely on that basis

  2. B

    It revives unlimited liability of sons for all ancestral debts

  3. C

    It abolishes every lawful debt of the father

  4. D

    It applies only to Muslim inheritance

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. It restricts enforcement of pious obligation against sons, grandsons, or great-grandsons for debts solely on that basis

Section 6(4) was introduced to end the old pious-obligation liability as a basis of enforcement, subject to statutory savings.

Source note: Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Section 6(4)

Question 154HardHindu Succession

A Hindu woman possessed property in recognition of a pre-existing maintenance right when the Hindu Succession Act came into force. Which principle applies?

  1. A

    Section 14(2) always cuts down every woman's estate

  2. B

    Her possession is irrelevant under Section 14

  3. C

    The property automatically goes to her husband's agnates

  4. D

    Section 14(1) may enlarge her limited estate into full ownership

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Section 14(1) may enlarge her limited estate into full ownership

Tulasamma treats Section 14(1) as enlarging limited ownership where the woman had a pre-existing right and possessed the property.

Source note: V. Tulasamma v. Sesha Reddy / Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Section 14

Question 155HardHindu Succession

When is Section 14(2) most likely to apply?

  1. A

    Whenever property is inherited from parents

  2. B

    Only where a widow claims maintenance

  3. C

    Where a new restricted estate is created for the first time by instrument, decree, or award without recognising a pre-existing right

  4. D

    Whenever a Hindu woman is in possession of any property

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Where a new restricted estate is created for the first time by instrument, decree, or award without recognising a pre-existing right

Section 14(2) preserves a genuinely restricted grant created for the first time. It is an exception to the enlarging rule in Section 14(1).

Source note: Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Section 14(2)

Question 156MediumHindu Marriage

Two Hindus are within prohibited degrees but plead a valid custom permitting the marriage. Which issue is central?

  1. A

    Whether divorce can be granted before solemnisation

  2. B

    Whether the custom is valid, certain, ancient, reasonable, and applicable to the parties

  3. C

    Whether registration alone cures the prohibited relationship

  4. D

    Whether the parties are wealthy enough to marry

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Whether the custom is valid, certain, ancient, reasonable, and applicable to the parties

Section 5 permits marriage within prohibited relationship only if a valid custom or usage governing the parties allows it.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Sections 3 and 5

Question 157MediumHindu Marriage

Under the Hindu Marriage Act, sapinda restrictions are relevant because:

  1. A

    A marriage within sapinda relationship is barred unless a valid custom permits it

  2. B

    Sapinda relationship has no statutory effect

  3. C

    Sapinda rules apply only after divorce

  4. D

    Sapinda rules apply only to adoption ceremonies

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. A marriage within sapinda relationship is barred unless a valid custom permits it

Sapinda restrictions are part of Section 5 validity conditions and connect classical kinship rules with statutory marriage law.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Sections 3(f) and 5(v)

Question 158HardHindu Marriage

A Hindu marriage is performed where one party is below the statutory age. Which answer is safest under HMA?

  1. A

    The marriage is void under Section 11 in every case

  2. B

    The marriage is valid and no legal consequence can ever follow

  3. C

    Only the priest is liable and parties have no remedies

  4. D

    The marriage is not automatically void under Section 11 merely for age breach, though statutory consequences may follow

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The marriage is not automatically void under Section 11 merely for age breach, though statutory consequences may follow

Age breach is not one of the Section 11 void categories. Child marriage law and specific remedies must be separately considered.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 / Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006

Question 159HardHindu Marriage

In a prosecution or matrimonial dispute alleging second Hindu marriage, why is proof of ceremonies important?

  1. A

    Because registration is irrelevant and ceremonies are never needed

  2. B

    Because admission alone always replaces proof of marriage

  3. C

    Because the alleged second marriage must be shown to have been validly solemnised according to law or custom

  4. D

    Because any cohabitation automatically proves bigamy

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Because the alleged second marriage must be shown to have been validly solemnised according to law or custom

Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande and later cases require proof of essential ceremonies for a valid second marriage in bigamy contexts.

Source note: Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande v. State of Maharashtra

Question 160HardMatrimonial Relief

If a spouse resumes cohabitation after alleged cruelty, what is the likely legal issue?

  1. A

    Whether the marriage becomes void

  2. B

    Whether the cruelty was condoned and whether later conduct revived the ground

  3. C

    Whether cruelty becomes impossible to prove in all cases

  4. D

    Whether divorce becomes automatic

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Whether the cruelty was condoned and whether later conduct revived the ground

Condonation is conditional forgiveness. Later matrimonial misconduct may revive the earlier ground depending on facts.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 23

Question 161HardMatrimonial Relief

Which statement best captures irretrievable breakdown of marriage in Indian divorce law?

  1. A

    It is not a general statutory ground under HMA, though the Supreme Court may consider it in exceptional Article 142 cases

  2. B

    It is an automatic statutory ground available in every trial court

  3. C

    It applies only to void marriages

  4. D

    It has replaced cruelty and desertion

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. It is not a general statutory ground under HMA, though the Supreme Court may consider it in exceptional Article 142 cases

Irretrievable breakdown influences constitutional and policy reasoning but is not a general HMA ground for ordinary courts.

Source note: Naveen Kohli v. Neelu Kohli / Article 142 jurisprudence

Question 162HardMatrimonial Relief

Before final decree under Section 13B, one spouse withdraws consent. What is the ordinary consequence?

  1. A

    The first motion permanently binds both spouses

  2. B

    Withdrawal of consent is criminal contempt

  3. C

    The petition automatically converts into contested divorce

  4. D

    The court generally cannot grant mutual consent divorce unless valid consent exists at the decree stage

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The court generally cannot grant mutual consent divorce unless valid consent exists at the decree stage

Mutual consent divorce depends on continuing consent unless the case falls within exceptional settlement/enforcement principles.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13B / Sureshta Devi v. Om Prakash

Question 163MediumMaintenance

What is the purpose of maintenance pendente lite under Section 24 HMA?

  1. A

    To divide all matrimonial property finally

  2. B

    To grant custody of children automatically

  3. C

    To enable a spouse without sufficient independent income to maintain herself or himself and meet litigation expenses

  4. D

    To punish the richer spouse before trial

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. To enable a spouse without sufficient independent income to maintain herself or himself and meet litigation expenses

Section 24 is meant to ensure fair participation in litigation and basic support during proceedings.

Source note: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 24

Question 164HardMaintenance

Rajnesh v. Neha is important in maintenance litigation because it:

  1. A

    Made maintenance payable only after divorce

  2. B

    Standardised disclosure, overlapping remedies, and payment directions to reduce inconsistent maintenance orders

  3. C

    Abolished all maintenance statutes

  4. D

    Held wives can never claim maintenance

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Standardised disclosure, overlapping remedies, and payment directions to reduce inconsistent maintenance orders

Rajnesh v. Neha provides practical guidelines on affidavits, adjustment of orders, date of award, and enforcement.

Source note: Rajnesh v. Neha

Question 165HardAdoption and Maintenance

A Hindu adoptive parent already has a living Hindu son, son's son, or son's son's son. What is the consequence for adopting a son?

  1. A

    Adoption of another son is barred by the statutory condition

  2. B

    The adoption is always valid if ceremonies occur

  3. C

    Only the adopted child can object

  4. D

    The rule applies only to daughters

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Adoption of another son is barred by the statutory condition

HAMA restricts adoption of a child of the same gender where the adoptive parent already has a child or descendant in the relevant line.

Source note: Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, Section 11

Question 166MediumAdoption and Maintenance

A male Hindu adopts a female child. Which statutory safeguard becomes relevant?

  1. A

    The adoptive father must be exactly eighteen years older

  2. B

    No age difference rule applies to cross-gender adoption

  3. C

    The child must be older than the adoptive parent

  4. D

    The adoptive father must be at least twenty-one years older than the child

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The adoptive father must be at least twenty-one years older than the child

Section 11 imposes a twenty-one-year age difference rule in specified cross-gender adoptions.

Source note: Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, Section 11

Question 167MediumAdoption and Maintenance

After a valid Hindu adoption, which statement is most accurate?

  1. A

    Adoption has no effect on family status

  2. B

    Adoption is always temporary until majority

  3. C

    The child's ties in the birth family are generally severed and replaced by adoptive-family ties, subject to statutory exceptions

  4. D

    The child remains only a member of the birth family

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The child's ties in the birth family are generally severed and replaced by adoptive-family ties, subject to statutory exceptions

Section 12 gives adoption a full status-changing effect, with limited statutory exceptions.

Source note: Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, Section 12

Question 168HardGuardianship and Custody

A natural guardian transfers a minor's immovable property without court permission. Which position is closest to HMGA?

  1. A

    Court permission is relevant only to movable property

  2. B

    The transfer is voidable at the instance of the minor or a person claiming under the minor

  3. C

    The transfer is automatically valid in all cases

  4. D

    The transfer is void for every purpose without exception

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. The transfer is voidable at the instance of the minor or a person claiming under the minor

Section 8 restricts natural guardian powers over minor's immovable property and protects the minor through voidability.

Source note: Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, Section 8

Question 169HardGuardianship and Custody

Abc v. State (NCT of Delhi) is significant because it:

  1. A

    Recognised that an unwed mother may seek guardianship without mandatory disclosure to the father in appropriate facts

  2. B

    Held mothers can never be guardians

  3. C

    Made father's consent compulsory in every case

  4. D

    Abolished the welfare principle

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Recognised that an unwed mother may seek guardianship without mandatory disclosure to the father in appropriate facts

The case protects privacy, welfare, and practical guardianship rights of an unwed mother.

Source note: ABC v. State (NCT of Delhi)

Question 170MediumGuardianship and Custody

In custody of a very young child, what is the correct approach?

  1. A

    Mother must always win custody automatically

  2. B

    Father must always win custody automatically

  3. C

    Income alone decides custody

  4. D

    Tender years may be relevant, but welfare of the child remains paramount

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Tender years may be relevant, but welfare of the child remains paramount

Courts consider age and caregiving realities, but no factor displaces welfare as the controlling test.

Source note: GWA 1890 / Roxann Sharma v. Arun Sharma

Question 171MediumMuslim Law

Muta marriage is traditionally associated with:

  1. A

    Hindu adoption

  2. B

    Special Marriage Act divorce

  3. C

    Shia law as a temporary marriage for a fixed period and consideration

  4. D

    Mitakshara coparcenary

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Shia law as a temporary marriage for a fixed period and consideration

Muta is a Shia concept and is not a general Sunni marriage rule.

Source note: Singhal Family Law II Notes / Muslim Marriage

Question 172HardMuslim Law

A Muslim marriage without required witnesses under Sunni law is generally classified as:

  1. A

    A testamentary gift

  2. B

    Irregular rather than void, depending on the defect

  3. C

    Void in every possible case

  4. D

    A valid Hindu marriage

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Irregular rather than void, depending on the defect

Certain defects in Muslim marriage may make the marriage irregular, not void, and the classification affects consequences.

Source note: Muslim Personal Law principles

Question 173HardMuslim Law

The option of puberty in Muslim law allows:

  1. A

    A minor married by a guardian to repudiate the marriage on attaining puberty, subject to legal conditions

  2. B

    A husband to avoid mehr permanently

  3. C

    A widow to avoid inheritance rules

  4. D

    A Karta to partition property

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. A minor married by a guardian to repudiate the marriage on attaining puberty, subject to legal conditions

The doctrine protects a minor spouse from being permanently bound by certain guardian-arranged marriages.

Source note: Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 / Muslim law principles

Question 174MediumMuslim Law

The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 is important because it:

  1. A

    Abolishes every form of talaq

  2. B

    Applies only to Hindu marriages

  3. C

    Deals only with inheritance shares

  4. D

    Provides statutory grounds on which a Muslim wife may seek dissolution of marriage

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Provides statutory grounds on which a Muslim wife may seek dissolution of marriage

The 1939 Act gives a Muslim wife judicial grounds such as disappearance, failure to maintain, imprisonment, cruelty, and other recognised grounds.

Source note: Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939

Question 175MediumMuslim Law

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 primarily addresses:

  1. A

    Special Marriage notice objections

  2. B

    Adoption ceremonies

  3. C

    Pronouncement of talaq-e-biddat or similar instant and irrevocable talaq

  4. D

    Hindu coparcenary partition

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Pronouncement of talaq-e-biddat or similar instant and irrevocable talaq

The 2019 Act follows Shayara Bano and statutorily deals with instant triple talaq consequences.

Source note: Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019

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