CLAT UG question bank

Logical Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG, Page 12

CLAT UG Logical Reasoning questions 263-286 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering conclusions, assumptions, inferences, flaws, analogies, and arguments strengthened or weakened by evidence.

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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • AI Summaries and Source Reading5
  • AI Translation and Error Rates5
  • Air Quality Alerts and Public Behaviour5
  • Algorithmic Hiring and Past Data5
  • Carbon Labels and Consumer Decisions5
  • Carbon Offsets and Additionality5
  • Cashless Buses and Boarding Time5
  • Citizen Science and Data Quality5
  • Classroom Cameras and Evidence5
  • Congestion Pricing and Urban Mobility5
  • Court Disposal Statistics5
  • Extended Library Hours5
  • Extended Library Hours and Borrowing5
  • Facial Recognition and Base Rates5
  • Facial Recognition and Public Evidence5
  • Fare-Free Public Transport5
  • Flood Maps and Property Risk5
  • Flood Sirens and False Alarms5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Choice5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Understanding5
  • Four-Day School Week Evidence5
  • Four-Day Workweek Evidence5
  • Free Bus Fares and Ridership Evidence5
  • Heat Action Plans and Evidence5
  • Heatwave Cooling Centres5
  • Hospital Wait-Time Targets5
  • Hospital Waiting-Time Targets5
  • Local Food Procurement in Schools5
  • Museum Repatriation and Digital Copies5
  • Noise Sensors and Complaint Data5
  • Open-Book Examinations and Learning5
  • Plagiarism Detectors and False Positives5
  • Police Body Cameras and Complaint Rates5
  • Predictive Maintenance for Water Pipes5
  • Predictive Policing and Feedback Loops5
  • Predictive Policing and Historical Data5
  • Public Art Surveys and Selection Bias5
  • Public Defender Caseload Statistics5
  • Public Libraries and Digital Access5
  • Public Wi-Fi and Digital Access5
  • Rainfall Forecasts and Probability5
  • Recorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes5
  • Recycling Bins and Waste Reduction5
  • Remote Work and Office Productivity5
  • Repairability and Consumer Choice5
  • Reusable Packaging Deposits5
  • River Cleanup and Downstream Waste5
  • Road Repair Complaints and Access5
  • School Breakfast and Attendance Evidence5
  • School Devices and Learning Evidence5
  • School Rankings and Attendance5
  • School Start Times and Evidence5
  • Street Lighting and Night Accidents5
  • Textbook Downloads and Learning5
  • Tree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims5
  • University Rankings and Measurement5
  • Urban Tree Planting and Survival5
  • Video Hearings and Case Disposal5
  • Water Meters and Household Consumption5
  • Water Pricing and Essential Access5
  • Wellness Apps and Sick Leave5
  • Wetland Tourism and Visitor Counts5
Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city planted trees along one commercial street. A year later, its afternoon temperature was two degrees lower, and officials credited the programme. The comparison is incomplete. Measurements were taken on different dates, and the later day was cloudier and less busy. Shade from trees may have helped, but weather and traffic can also affect street temperature. A stronger study would use sensors on planted and similar unplanted streets, compare the same seasons and times, and track canopy growth, humidity, and surface materials. Urban trees can provide shade and other benefits. Careful evaluation strengthens that case by identifying where cooling occurs rather than treating one before-and-after reading as decisive.

Question 263MediumTree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims

Which evidence most strengthens the claim that the trees caused cooling?

  1. A

    Only one sensor was used once.

  2. B

    Planted streets cooled more than comparable unplanted streets across matched times and weather.

  3. C

    The city published a photograph.

  4. D

    Traffic data was discarded.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Planted streets cooled more than comparable unplanted streets across matched times and weather.

B provides controlled comparative evidence.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 264HardTree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims

What is the main flaw in the officials' inference?

  1. A

    They measured in degrees.

  2. B

    They studied a commercial street.

  3. C

    They planted trees before measuring.

  4. D

    They treated an uncontrolled before-and-after difference as proof of causation.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. They treated an uncontrolled before-and-after difference as proof of causation.

D identifies the causal flaw.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 265MediumTree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims

Which statement follows from the passage?

  1. A

    Uncertainty proves the trees had no effect.

  2. B

    Surface materials never matter.

  3. C

    Better evaluation can show when and where an otherwise beneficial policy works.

  4. D

    Every street must cool equally.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Better evaluation can show when and where an otherwise beneficial policy works.

C follows from the final paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A court reports that case disposal increased after video hearings expanded. It concludes that remote hearings are always faster. The new system began while additional judges were appointed and many old, uncontested matters were listed for disposal. These changes could independently raise the total. Speed also has limits as a measure. Connection failures, difficulty consulting counsel, and unequal access to devices may reduce meaningful participation even when a hearing ends quickly. Remote hearings may save travel and scheduling time. Their use should be assessed by case type, disposal quality, adjournments, access, and participant experience rather than a single aggregate count.

Question 266MediumVideo Hearings and Case Disposal

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Video hearings should be prohibited.

  2. B

    Disposal counts have no value.

  3. C

    Remote hearings are always slower.

  4. D

    Their performance should be evaluated across speed, quality, case type, and access.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Their performance should be evaluated across speed, quality, case type, and access.

D captures the final recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 267HardVideo Hearings and Case Disposal

Which fact offers an alternative explanation for increased disposal?

  1. A

    Additional judges and many uncontested matters were added.

  2. B

    Some hearings used screens.

  3. C

    Courts have schedules.

  4. D

    Litigants need counsel.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Additional judges and many uncontested matters were added.

A identifies concurrent changes.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 268MediumVideo Hearings and Case Disposal

Which evidence most strengthens the claim that video hearings improved efficiency?

  1. A

    Only easy cases were counted.

  2. B

    Matched case types were resolved sooner with no rise in adjournments or participation failures.

  3. C

    More judges joined only the remote group.

  4. D

    Connection failures were omitted.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Matched case types were resolved sooner with no rise in adjournments or participation failures.

B controls case type and checks adverse outcomes.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 269HardVideo Hearings and Case Disposal

The claim that remote hearings are always faster assumes that:

  1. A

    Every hearing concerns travel.

  2. B

    Access does not matter.

  3. C

    Other simultaneous changes do not explain the higher disposal count.

  4. D

    All old matters were contested.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Other simultaneous changes do not explain the higher disposal count.

C identifies the causal assumption.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 270MediumVideo Hearings and Case Disposal

Which statement follows from the passage?

  1. A

    A quicker hearing necessarily ensures justice.

  2. B

    Technology removes every inequality.

  3. C

    Aggregate disposal proves universal suitability.

  4. D

    Efficiency evidence should include both outcomes and meaningful participation.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Efficiency evidence should include both outcomes and meaningful participation.

D follows from the third and fourth paragraphs.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 27, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A school introduced free breakfast and reported that attendance rose by 12 percent. It concluded that breakfast alone caused the improvement. During the same term, a new bus route began and attendance rules were enforced more strictly. Either change may have influenced the result. A stronger evaluation would compare similar schools, track which students used breakfast, and examine punctuality, health, and attendance over several terms. Free breakfast may reduce hunger and improve access. Recognising that value does not require treating one uncontrolled change as complete proof of causation.

Question 271MediumSchool Breakfast and Attendance Evidence

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Breakfast has no value.

  2. B

    Attendance cannot be measured.

  3. C

    The programme is promising but the causal claim needs stronger evidence.

  4. D

    Bus routes never affect schools.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The programme is promising but the causal claim needs stronger evidence.

C captures the qualified conclusion.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 272HardSchool Breakfast and Attendance Evidence

Which fact offers an alternative explanation for higher attendance?

  1. A

    A new bus route began and rules were enforced more strictly.

  2. B

    Students eat food.

  3. C

    The school has classrooms.

  4. D

    Attendance is recorded.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. A new bus route began and rules were enforced more strictly.

A identifies concurrent changes.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 273MediumSchool Breakfast and Attendance Evidence

Which evidence most strengthens the claim that breakfast improved attendance?

  1. A

    Only the term average is known.

  2. B

    Users of breakfast improve more than matched non-users across several terms.

  3. C

    The bus route has more seats.

  4. D

    Rules are enforced only after the study.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Users of breakfast improve more than matched non-users across several terms.

B supplies comparative longitudinal evidence.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 274HardSchool Breakfast and Attendance Evidence

What is the main flaw in attributing the entire increase to breakfast?

  1. A

    The increase is a percentage.

  2. B

    Breakfast occurs in the morning.

  3. C

    Schools have buses.

  4. D

    Other simultaneous changes were not ruled out.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Other simultaneous changes were not ruled out.

D identifies the causal flaw.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 275MediumSchool Breakfast and Attendance Evidence

Which statement follows from the passage?

  1. A

    Uncertainty proves breakfast failed.

  2. B

    Only attendance matters.

  3. C

    A useful intervention may still require careful causal evaluation.

  4. D

    Comparisons weaken evidence.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. A useful intervention may still require careful causal evaluation.

C follows from the final paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city sends more patrols to neighbourhoods where recorded offences are highest. The next dataset then shows more offences in those same places. The increase may reflect real harm, but it may also reflect observation. More patrols detect more low-level conduct, while similar conduct elsewhere remains unrecorded. If the new records automatically justify still more patrols, the system can create a feedback loop. Historical enforcement patterns then influence future data and deployment. Risk tools should therefore be tested against independent victim reports, emergency calls, serious-harm indicators, and enforcement intensity. Prediction is most credible when the data-generating process is itself examined.

Question 276MediumPredictive Policing and Feedback Loops

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Recorded offences should never be used.

  2. B

    Every neighbourhood has identical crime.

  3. C

    Patrols cannot detect offences.

  4. D

    Prediction must account for how enforcement itself shapes recorded data.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Prediction must account for how enforcement itself shapes recorded data.

D captures the final recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 277HardPredictive Policing and Feedback Loops

Why might recorded offences rise after patrols increase?

  1. A

    Greater observation may detect conduct that previously went unrecorded.

  2. B

    Patrols erase every offence.

  3. C

    Datasets cannot contain locations.

  4. D

    Emergency calls always fall.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Greater observation may detect conduct that previously went unrecorded.

A follows from the second paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 278MediumPredictive Policing and Feedback Loops

Which finding most strengthens the feedback-loop concern?

  1. A

    Serious harm falls everywhere.

  2. B

    Low-level records rise with patrol intensity even when independent victim reports remain stable.

  3. C

    All areas receive equal patrols.

  4. D

    No data is collected.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Low-level records rise with patrol intensity even when independent victim reports remain stable.

B links recorded change to enforcement rather than independent harm.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 279HardPredictive Policing and Feedback Loops

Using recorded offences alone to allocate patrols assumes that:

  1. A

    Every patrol is inexpensive.

  2. B

    Historical data has no dates.

  3. C

    Recorded differences accurately represent underlying differences in harm.

  4. D

    Victim reports are always false.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Recorded differences accurately represent underlying differences in harm.

C identifies the key assumption.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 280MediumPredictive Policing and Feedback Loops

Which statement follows from the passage?

  1. A

    More data always removes bias.

  2. B

    Observation never changes records.

  3. C

    Historical enforcement is irrelevant.

  4. D

    A dataset can partly reflect the process used to produce it.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. A dataset can partly reflect the process used to produce it.

D follows from the feedback-loop analysis.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 28, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A hospital rewards departments that keep reported waiting time below thirty minutes. Soon, the average falls sharply. Some departments, however, begin recording arrival only after registration, even when patients have waited outside the desk. Others move patients into holding rooms before treatment begins. The target may encourage useful attention to delay, but it can also shift behaviour towards improving the number rather than the experience. Evaluation should use consistent start and end points, patient reports, clinical urgency, total time to treatment, and audits of recording practices.

Question 281MediumHospital Wait-Time Targets

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Wait-time targets should never exist.

  2. B

    Patients cannot report delay.

  3. C

    The target requires consistent measurement and checks against gaming.

  4. D

    Every holding room provides treatment.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The target requires consistent measurement and checks against gaming.

C captures the qualified conclusion.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 282HardHospital Wait-Time Targets

Why might reported waiting time fall without an equal improvement for patients?

  1. A

    Departments may change when measurement starts or ends.

  2. B

    Clocks stop working below thirty minutes.

  3. C

    All patients become healthier.

  4. D

    Clinical urgency disappears.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Departments may change when measurement starts or ends.

A follows from the second paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 283MediumHospital Wait-Time Targets

Which finding most strengthens the claim of genuine improvement?

  1. A

    Only internal averages fall.

  2. B

    Audited total time and patient-reported delay both fall under consistent definitions.

  3. C

    More holding rooms are renamed.

  4. D

    Registration begins later.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Audited total time and patient-reported delay both fall under consistent definitions.

B uses independent and consistent measures.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 284HardHospital Wait-Time Targets

What is the risk of relying only on the reported average?

  1. A

    Averages contain numbers.

  2. B

    Hospitals have departments.

  3. C

    Patients arrive at different times.

  4. D

    Staff may optimise recording practices instead of treatment speed.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Staff may optimise recording practices instead of treatment speed.

D identifies metric gaming.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 285MediumHospital Wait-Time Targets

Which statement follows from the passage?

  1. A

    Targets always improve care.

  2. B

    Patient experience is irrelevant.

  3. C

    A performance measure can change the behaviour it is intended to measure.

  4. D

    Audits make data less reliable.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. A performance measure can change the behaviour it is intended to measure.

C follows from the third paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A university installs more recycling bins and reports that recycled material doubled. It concludes that total waste has fallen. The conclusion does not follow automatically. Recycling can rise while overall consumption and discarded material also rise. Contamination may further make some collected material unusable. A stronger assessment would measure total waste generated, material purchased, contamination, reuse, and the amount actually processed rather than merely collected. Convenient bins may improve sorting. Waste reduction, however, concerns the whole material flow, not one increasing category.

Question 286MediumRecycling Bins and Waste Reduction

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Recycling bins are useless.

  2. B

    Collected material is never processed.

  3. C

    Consumption cannot be measured.

  4. D

    More recycling does not by itself prove lower total waste.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. More recycling does not by itself prove lower total waste.

D captures the central distinction.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 29, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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English Language310 questions with explanationsCurrent Affairs including General Knowledge310 questions with explanationsLegal Reasoning310 questions with explanationsQuantitative Techniques310 questions with explanations