CLAT UG question bank

Logical Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG, Page 8

CLAT UG Logical Reasoning questions 167-190 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering conclusions, assumptions, inferences, flaws, analogies, and arguments strengthened or weakened by evidence.

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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • AI Summaries and Source Reading5
  • AI Translation and Error Rates5
  • Air Quality Alerts and Public Behaviour5
  • Algorithmic Hiring and Past Data5
  • Carbon Labels and Consumer Decisions5
  • Carbon Offsets and Additionality5
  • Cashless Buses and Boarding Time5
  • Citizen Science and Data Quality5
  • Classroom Cameras and Evidence5
  • Congestion Pricing and Urban Mobility5
  • Court Disposal Statistics5
  • Extended Library Hours5
  • Extended Library Hours and Borrowing5
  • Facial Recognition and Base Rates5
  • Facial Recognition and Public Evidence5
  • Fare-Free Public Transport5
  • Flood Maps and Property Risk5
  • Flood Sirens and False Alarms5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Choice5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Understanding5
  • Four-Day School Week Evidence5
  • Four-Day Workweek Evidence5
  • Free Bus Fares and Ridership Evidence5
  • Heat Action Plans and Evidence5
  • Heatwave Cooling Centres5
  • Hospital Wait-Time Targets5
  • Hospital Waiting-Time Targets5
  • Local Food Procurement in Schools5
  • Museum Repatriation and Digital Copies5
  • Noise Sensors and Complaint Data5
  • Open-Book Examinations and Learning5
  • Plagiarism Detectors and False Positives5
  • Police Body Cameras and Complaint Rates5
  • Predictive Maintenance for Water Pipes5
  • Predictive Policing and Feedback Loops5
  • Predictive Policing and Historical Data5
  • Public Art Surveys and Selection Bias5
  • Public Defender Caseload Statistics5
  • Public Libraries and Digital Access5
  • Public Wi-Fi and Digital Access5
  • Rainfall Forecasts and Probability5
  • Recorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes5
  • Recycling Bins and Waste Reduction5
  • Remote Work and Office Productivity5
  • Repairability and Consumer Choice5
  • Reusable Packaging Deposits5
  • River Cleanup and Downstream Waste5
  • Road Repair Complaints and Access5
  • School Breakfast and Attendance Evidence5
  • School Devices and Learning Evidence5
  • School Rankings and Attendance5
  • School Start Times and Evidence5
  • Street Lighting and Night Accidents5
  • Textbook Downloads and Learning5
  • Tree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims5
  • University Rankings and Measurement5
  • Urban Tree Planting and Survival5
  • Video Hearings and Case Disposal5
  • Water Meters and Household Consumption5
  • Water Pricing and Essential Access5
  • Wellness Apps and Sick Leave5
  • Wetland Tourism and Visitor Counts5
Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

Residents oppose a revised flood-risk map because their neighbourhood has not flooded in twenty years. That history matters, but it does not settle future risk. New construction may reduce natural drainage, rainfall patterns may change, and protective structures may deteriorate. The map can still be wrong. Models depend on elevation data, assumptions, and maintenance records. Officials should publish methods, test predictions against past events, and create a process for correcting property-level errors. Falling property values do not by themselves disprove the map. They may show that people take the stated risk seriously. At the same time, a model's social consequences increase the need for accuracy and review. The proper response to an unwelcome risk estimate is neither automatic acceptance nor rejection. It is transparent examination of the evidence, uncertainty, and available corrections.

Question 167HardFlood Maps and Property Risk

Which finding most weakens the accuracy of the revised map?

  1. A

    The model uses current drainage data.

  2. B

    Independent review finds major elevation errors in the mapped neighbourhood.

  3. C

    Several residents dislike insurance costs.

  4. D

    The area has new construction.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Independent review finds major elevation errors in the mapped neighbourhood.

B directly challenges a key factual input to the model.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 17, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 168MediumFlood Maps and Property Risk

Which finding most strengthens the revised risk estimate?

  1. A

    Updated rainfall and drainage data predict risk, and the model accurately reproduces recent floods elsewhere.

  2. B

    Property owners prefer the old map.

  3. C

    The map uses coloured symbols.

  4. D

    No explanation of assumptions is available.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Updated rainfall and drainage data predict risk, and the model accurately reproduces recent floods elsewhere.

A provides relevant data and evidence of predictive validity.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 17, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 169HardFlood Maps and Property Risk

What is flawed about treating falling property values as proof that the map is false?

  1. A

    Values never respond to public information.

  2. B

    Floods cannot affect property.

  3. C

    The price decline may be a response to believed risk rather than evidence against it.

  4. D

    A map has no social effects.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The price decline may be a response to believed risk rather than evidence against it.

C identifies the alternative explanation given in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 17, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 170MediumFlood Maps and Property Risk

Which statement follows most strongly from the passage?

  1. A

    A model with social consequences should not be reviewed.

  2. B

    Uncertainty makes every map useless.

  3. C

    Only residents may examine technical methods.

  4. D

    Absence of a recent flood does not alone establish absence of future risk.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Absence of a recent flood does not alone establish absence of future risk.

D follows from the first paragraph's reasoning.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 17, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A university finds that students who watch recorded lectures score lower than students who attend live classes. It concludes that recordings reduce learning. The comparison does not establish that conclusion. Students may use recordings because illness, employment, or weak prior understanding prevents regular attendance. Those factors can also affect scores. The recording group may therefore have faced greater difficulty before using the resource. Recordings could still be poorly designed. Long videos without navigation or captions may discourage review. The university should compare similar students, examine use patterns, and test changes such as searchable transcripts and shorter segments. The relevant question is not whether the two groups differ, but why they differ and whether recordings improve outcomes relative to the alternatives actually available to their users.

Question 171MediumRecorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Lower scores among recording users do not alone prove that recordings caused poorer learning.

  2. B

    Live classes should be abolished.

  3. C

    All recordings are well designed.

  4. D

    Prior understanding never affects scores.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Lower scores among recording users do not alone prove that recordings caused poorer learning.

A captures the causal caution at the centre of the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 172HardRecorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes

Which finding most weakens the university's conclusion?

  1. A

    Recorded videos are stored online.

  2. B

    Live classes occur on campus.

  3. C

    Some lectures last one hour.

  4. D

    Many recording users had lower prior scores and work obligations before choosing that format.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Many recording users had lower prior scores and work obligations before choosing that format.

D strengthens the alternative explanation based on selection differences.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 173MediumRecorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes

Which evidence would most strengthen the claim that the recording format itself reduced learning?

  1. A

    Users own different devices.

  2. B

    Some students prefer evening study.

  3. C

    Comparable students randomly assigned to the existing recordings perform worse than those assigned live instruction.

  4. D

    Attendance is recorded electronically.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Comparable students randomly assigned to the existing recordings perform worse than those assigned live instruction.

C isolates the instructional format more effectively.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 174HardRecorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes

The university's original comparison assumes that:

  1. A

    Every student watches at the same speed.

  2. B

    The groups do not differ in other relevant ways that explain performance.

  3. C

    Employment improves every score.

  4. D

    Captions are unnecessary.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. The groups do not differ in other relevant ways that explain performance.

B is required for the score difference to support the causal claim.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 175MediumRecorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes

Why does the author ask about alternatives available to recording users?

  1. A

    A recording may be better than missing instruction even if users score below live attendees.

  2. B

    Alternatives never affect evaluation.

  3. C

    Every user can attend live classes.

  4. D

    Learning outcomes cannot be compared.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. A recording may be better than missing instruction even if users score below live attendees.

A follows from evaluating the resource against realistic options.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city replaces old streetlights with brighter lamps and reports that night accidents fell by twenty percent. It credits the lighting programme. Better visibility could reduce collisions, but several changes occurred at the same time. Police increased speed enforcement, roadworks diverted traffic, and fuel prices reduced late-night travel. Any of these could affect accident counts. Brighter light may also shift activity to previously quiet roads, changing exposure. The city should compare upgraded and similar non-upgraded roads, measure traffic volume and speed, separate pedestrian and vehicle incidents, and examine whether the reduction persists after diversions end. The programme may work, but a before-and-after total cannot identify its effect unless changes in exposure and simultaneous policies are considered.

Question 176MediumStreet Lighting and Night Accidents

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Lighting has no relation to visibility.

  2. B

    The accident decline cannot be attributed to lighting without considering other changes.

  3. C

    Fuel prices determine every accident.

  4. D

    Road comparisons are unnecessary.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. The accident decline cannot be attributed to lighting without considering other changes.

B captures the author's causal caution.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 177MediumStreet Lighting and Night Accidents

Which factor provides an alternative explanation for fewer night accidents?

  1. A

    The lamps have serial numbers.

  2. B

    The city published a report.

  3. C

    Increased speed enforcement

  4. D

    Road names remained unchanged.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Increased speed enforcement

C is a simultaneous intervention capable of reducing accidents.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 178HardStreet Lighting and Night Accidents

Which finding most strengthens the city's claim?

  1. A

    Accidents fell on upgraded roads relative to similar roads after accounting for traffic and enforcement.

  2. B

    Late-night traffic fell only on upgraded roads.

  3. C

    All roads were diverted during the study.

  4. D

    Accident categories were combined without review.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Accidents fell on upgraded roads relative to similar roads after accounting for traffic and enforcement.

A provides a comparison while controlling major alternatives.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 179HardStreet Lighting and Night Accidents

Which finding most weakens the claim that lighting caused the decline?

  1. A

    Pedestrian visibility improved.

  2. B

    The lamps remained functional.

  3. C

    Non-upgraded roads were not studied.

  4. D

    Accidents returned to their earlier level when temporary traffic diversions ended.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Accidents returned to their earlier level when temporary traffic diversions ended.

D suggests that diversion, rather than lighting, explained the decline.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 180MediumStreet Lighting and Night Accidents

Why should the city measure traffic volume?

  1. A

    Traffic volume identifies lamp colour.

  2. B

    Fewer accidents may result from fewer journeys rather than safer conditions per journey.

  3. C

    Volume proves every driver's speed.

  4. D

    Traffic exposure cannot change.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Fewer accidents may result from fewer journeys rather than safer conditions per journey.

B explains why exposure is necessary to interpret raw accident counts.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 18, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A forecast states that there is a seventy percent chance of rain, but the day remains dry. Some readers conclude that the forecast was wrong. A probability forecast does not predict that the more likely event must occur on every occasion. Accuracy should be assessed across many comparable forecasts. If rain occurs on roughly seventy percent of days assigned that probability, the forecasts are well calibrated. Calibration is not the only quality. A forecast that gives seventy percent for almost every day may be calibrated but less useful than one that distinguishes high-risk and low-risk conditions. Location and time window must also be clear. A single outcome can feel decisive, yet evaluating probabilistic claims requires repeated observations and attention to what the percentage actually describes.

Question 181MediumRainfall Forecasts and Probability

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Dry weather proves every forecast false.

  2. B

    Only certain predictions have value.

  3. C

    Probability forecasts should be evaluated across repeated comparable outcomes.

  4. D

    Rainfall cannot be measured.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Probability forecasts should be evaluated across repeated comparable outcomes.

C captures the central argument.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 182HardRainfall Forecasts and Probability

Why does one dry day not necessarily refute a seventy percent rain forecast?

  1. A

    Dry days are not weather.

  2. B

    Forecasts concern past events only.

  3. C

    Seventy percent means certainty.

  4. D

    The less likely outcome can still occur.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The less likely outcome can still occur.

D follows from the meaning of probability stated in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 183MediumRainfall Forecasts and Probability

What result would indicate good calibration?

  1. A

    Rain on about seventy percent of comparable days given a seventy percent forecast

  2. B

    Rain on every such day

  3. C

    Identical forecasts for every location

  4. D

    No record of outcomes

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Rain on about seventy percent of comparable days given a seventy percent forecast

A restates the calibration test.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 184HardRainfall Forecasts and Probability

Why may a well-calibrated forecast still have limited usefulness?

  1. A

    Calibration prevents probability.

  2. B

    It may fail to distinguish meaningfully between high-risk and low-risk conditions.

  3. C

    Useful forecasts must always be certain.

  4. D

    Locations never matter.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. It may fail to distinguish meaningfully between high-risk and low-risk conditions.

B follows from the third paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 185MediumRainfall Forecasts and Probability

To test calibration fairly, the evaluator must assume that:

  1. A

    One day is enough.

  2. B

    All percentages mean rain is certain.

  3. C

    The compared forecasts and outcomes are defined on relevantly similar terms.

  4. D

    Time windows can be ignored.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. The compared forecasts and outcomes are defined on relevantly similar terms.

C is necessary for a meaningful repeated comparison.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A transit agency removes cash payment from buses and reports that average boarding time falls. It proposes making the policy permanent. Faster boarding is valuable, but the average excludes people who stopped using buses because they lacked a bank card or nearby recharge point. The improvement may therefore combine genuine speed with changed ridership. Delays might also have fallen because the agency introduced more doors and off-board ticket checks at the same time. The agency should measure total journey time, failed boardings, access to recharge, and effects across neighbourhoods. It could retain contactless payment while permitting cash purchase of reusable cards at convenient locations. Efficiency should be assessed for the transport system and its users, not only for those who remain after an access barrier is introduced.

Question 186MediumCashless Buses and Boarding Time

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Cash should be the only payment method.

  2. B

    Boarding time has no value.

  3. C

    Every rider has a bank card.

  4. D

    Efficiency claims must include access effects and excluded users.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Efficiency claims must include access effects and excluded users.

D captures the central conclusion.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 187HardCashless Buses and Boarding Time

Why may the lower average boarding time be misleading?

  1. A

    Some slower or excluded users may no longer appear in the measured group.

  2. B

    Buses cannot measure time.

  3. C

    Cash always speeds boarding.

  4. D

    Every route has identical passengers.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Some slower or excluded users may no longer appear in the measured group.

A identifies the selection effect described.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 188MediumCashless Buses and Boarding Time

Which simultaneous change could also explain faster boarding?

  1. A

    Higher fuel prices

  2. B

    More doors and off-board ticket checks

  3. C

    New bus colours

  4. D

    Longer route names

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. More doors and off-board ticket checks

B is the alternative intervention identified in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 189HardCashless Buses and Boarding Time

Which finding most strengthens the case for making the policy permanent?

  1. A

    Failed boardings rise sharply.

  2. B

    Low-income areas lose service.

  3. C

    Boarding and total journey times fall while convenient recharge access keeps failed boardings unchanged.

  4. D

    The agency stops measuring ridership.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Boarding and total journey times fall while convenient recharge access keeps failed boardings unchanged.

C shows efficiency gains without the predicted exclusion.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 190MediumCashless Buses and Boarding Time

Which proposal best reflects the author's approach?

  1. A

    Ban reusable cards.

  2. B

    Measure only current riders.

  3. C

    Remove every recharge point.

  4. D

    Keep contactless payment while enabling accessible cash purchase of reusable cards.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Keep contactless payment while enabling accessible cash purchase of reusable cards.

D is the compromise proposed in the third paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 19, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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English Language310 questions with explanationsCurrent Affairs including General Knowledge310 questions with explanationsLegal Reasoning310 questions with explanationsQuantitative Techniques310 questions with explanations