CLAT UG question bank

Logical Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG, Page 5

CLAT UG Logical Reasoning questions 96-119 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering conclusions, assumptions, inferences, flaws, analogies, and arguments strengthened or weakened by evidence.

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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • AI Summaries and Source Reading5
  • AI Translation and Error Rates5
  • Air Quality Alerts and Public Behaviour5
  • Algorithmic Hiring and Past Data5
  • Carbon Labels and Consumer Decisions5
  • Carbon Offsets and Additionality5
  • Cashless Buses and Boarding Time5
  • Citizen Science and Data Quality5
  • Classroom Cameras and Evidence5
  • Congestion Pricing and Urban Mobility5
  • Court Disposal Statistics5
  • Extended Library Hours5
  • Extended Library Hours and Borrowing5
  • Facial Recognition and Base Rates5
  • Facial Recognition and Public Evidence5
  • Fare-Free Public Transport5
  • Flood Maps and Property Risk5
  • Flood Sirens and False Alarms5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Choice5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Understanding5
  • Four-Day School Week Evidence5
  • Four-Day Workweek Evidence5
  • Free Bus Fares and Ridership Evidence5
  • Heat Action Plans and Evidence5
  • Heatwave Cooling Centres5
  • Hospital Wait-Time Targets5
  • Hospital Waiting-Time Targets5
  • Local Food Procurement in Schools5
  • Museum Repatriation and Digital Copies5
  • Noise Sensors and Complaint Data5
  • Open-Book Examinations and Learning5
  • Plagiarism Detectors and False Positives5
  • Police Body Cameras and Complaint Rates5
  • Predictive Maintenance for Water Pipes5
  • Predictive Policing and Feedback Loops5
  • Predictive Policing and Historical Data5
  • Public Art Surveys and Selection Bias5
  • Public Defender Caseload Statistics5
  • Public Libraries and Digital Access5
  • Public Wi-Fi and Digital Access5
  • Rainfall Forecasts and Probability5
  • Recorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes5
  • Recycling Bins and Waste Reduction5
  • Remote Work and Office Productivity5
  • Repairability and Consumer Choice5
  • Reusable Packaging Deposits5
  • River Cleanup and Downstream Waste5
  • Road Repair Complaints and Access5
  • School Breakfast and Attendance Evidence5
  • School Devices and Learning Evidence5
  • School Rankings and Attendance5
  • School Start Times and Evidence5
  • Street Lighting and Night Accidents5
  • Textbook Downloads and Learning5
  • Tree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims5
  • University Rankings and Measurement5
  • Urban Tree Planting and Survival5
  • Video Hearings and Case Disposal5
  • Water Meters and Household Consumption5
  • Water Pricing and Essential Access5
  • Wellness Apps and Sick Leave5
  • Wetland Tourism and Visitor Counts5
Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A museum resisting the return of a ceremonial object argues that a high-resolution digital copy can give the originating community equivalent access. The claim treats access as if it consisted only of seeing an object's surface. Digital records can support research and allow distant viewers to examine details. They cannot reproduce every material feature, nor can they determine who should possess or control the original. For some communities, access includes using an object in ceremonies, caring for it under customary rules, or deciding when it should not be displayed. This does not make digitisation worthless. A digital copy may accompany return, preserve a research record, or widen public education. But its usefulness does not resolve a claim about ownership or authority. The museum should therefore evaluate digitisation and repatriation as related questions, not as interchangeable answers to the same problem.

Question 96MediumMuseum Repatriation and Digital Copies

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Digital copies make all ownership claims irrelevant.

  2. B

    Museums should never create digital records.

  3. C

    Digitisation and repatriation should be assessed as distinct but related issues.

  4. D

    Only physical inspection counts as access.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Digitisation and repatriation should be assessed as distinct but related issues.

C captures the distinction developed throughout the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 97HardMuseum Repatriation and Digital Copies

What flaw does the author identify in the museum's argument?

  1. A

    It assumes that visual access is equivalent to every form of access and control.

  2. B

    It denies that cameras can create images.

  3. C

    It assumes that digital files require storage.

  4. D

    It gives too much authority to researchers.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. It assumes that visual access is equivalent to every form of access and control.

A identifies the narrow concept of access challenged by the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 98MediumMuseum Repatriation and Digital Copies

Which statement follows most strongly from the passage?

  1. A

    A digital copy has no educational use.

  2. B

    Useful research access can coexist with a claim for return of the original.

  3. C

    Every ceremonial object must remain on display.

  4. D

    Ownership depends only on image quality.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Useful research access can coexist with a claim for return of the original.

B follows from the claim that digitisation can accompany return.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 99HardMuseum Repatriation and Digital Copies

Which fact would most weaken the museum's claim of equivalent access?

  1. A

    The digital image is available in several file formats.

  2. B

    Researchers can zoom into the image.

  3. C

    The museum has a public website.

  4. D

    The community's customary practice requires physical care of the original and prohibits public display at certain times.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The community's customary practice requires physical care of the original and prohibits public display at certain times.

D shows why a visual copy cannot provide the relevant form of access.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 100MediumMuseum Repatriation and Digital Copies

What role does the third paragraph play?

  1. A

    It abandons the argument for return.

  2. B

    It claims that research records are inaccurate.

  3. C

    It treats digital and physical objects as identical.

  4. D

    It concedes benefits of digitisation while denying that they settle ownership.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. It concedes benefits of digitisation while denying that they settle ownership.

D describes the paragraph's concession and limitation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 10, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A university proposes replacing some closed-book examinations with open-book assessments. Supporters claim that access to materials will test application rather than memory. Critics predict that students will prepare less and simply search for answers during the examination. Neither outcome follows from access alone. An open-book paper consisting of copied definitions may reward searching, while a well-designed problem can require students to compare principles and justify conclusions. Time limits and question design influence whether materials serve as tools or substitutes for understanding. The university should pilot both formats with comparable groups. It should measure the quality of reasoning, retention after the course, preparation habits, and performance differences among students with unequal access to organised notes. The relevant question is not whether books are present, but what intellectual work the assessment requires students to perform.

Question 101MediumOpen-Book Examinations and Learning

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    The quality of an assessment depends more on the required reasoning than on whether books are permitted.

  2. B

    All open-book examinations reward searching.

  3. C

    Memory should never be assessed.

  4. D

    Closed-book examinations always measure application.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The quality of an assessment depends more on the required reasoning than on whether books are permitted.

A captures the distinction developed in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 102HardOpen-Book Examinations and Learning

The proposed pilot assumes that:

  1. A

    Students cannot retain information after any examination.

  2. B

    Comparable groups and common outcomes can reveal meaningful differences between formats.

  3. C

    Preparation habits never change.

  4. D

    Organised notes guarantee high marks.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Comparable groups and common outcomes can reveal meaningful differences between formats.

B is required for the comparison to inform policy.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 103MediumOpen-Book Examinations and Learning

Which finding would most strengthen the supporters' position?

  1. A

    Students spend the entire exam copying definitions.

  2. B

    Open-book students prepare less and retain less.

  3. C

    A problem-based open-book group shows stronger application and equal later retention.

  4. D

    All students bring the same textbook.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. A problem-based open-book group shows stronger application and equal later retention.

C provides evidence of application without a retention cost.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 104HardOpen-Book Examinations and Learning

Which finding would most weaken a general claim that open-book exams are fairer?

  1. A

    Students may bring written materials.

  2. B

    The examination lasts two hours.

  3. C

    Questions require legal reasoning.

  4. D

    Students with professionally organised resources gain large advantages unrelated to understanding.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Students with professionally organised resources gain large advantages unrelated to understanding.

D identifies an access-based fairness problem.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 105MediumOpen-Book Examinations and Learning

Which statement follows most strongly from the passage?

  1. A

    The same open-book rule can produce different outcomes under different question designs.

  2. B

    Search skills and reasoning are identical.

  3. C

    Closed-book testing requires no design choices.

  4. D

    Open-book assessment eliminates the need to study.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The same open-book rule can produce different outcomes under different question designs.

A follows from the contrast between definition copying and problem solving.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A district proposes requiring school kitchens to buy most produce from nearby farms. Officials expect fresher meals, lower transport emissions, and stronger local incomes. These goals are compatible, but proximity alone does not guarantee any of them. A nearby farm may use inefficient transport for small deliveries, while a distant supplier may consolidate shipments. Seasonal local produce may be fresh and affordable, but rigid purchasing rules can raise costs or reduce variety when harvests fail. The district should use flexible targets and compare total transport, price, quality, reliability, and farmer income. Contracts could favour seasonal supply while allowing alternatives during shortages. Smaller farms may also need shared collection centres to participate efficiently. Local procurement should therefore be treated as a means to specified outcomes, not as an outcome that proves its own success.

Question 106MediumLocal Food Procurement in Schools

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    All distant suppliers should be prohibited.

  2. B

    Local purchasing is successful whenever distance is short.

  3. C

    Procurement rules should evaluate whether local sourcing actually delivers stated outcomes.

  4. D

    School meals should contain only seasonal produce.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Procurement rules should evaluate whether local sourcing actually delivers stated outcomes.

C captures the outcome-based recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 107HardLocal Food Procurement in Schools

The claim that local procurement lowers emissions assumes that:

  1. A

    Local deliveries create less total transport impact than the alternatives.

  2. B

    Every nearby farm uses electric vehicles.

  3. C

    Distance is the only source of emissions.

  4. D

    Schools currently buy no produce.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Local deliveries create less total transport impact than the alternatives.

A is required for proximity to yield the claimed environmental benefit.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 108MediumLocal Food Procurement in Schools

Which finding would most strengthen the district's proposal?

  1. A

    Local farms make many half-empty trips.

  2. B

    A pilot reduces transport emissions and costs while raising farmer income and maintaining meal quality.

  3. C

    Crop failures cause repeated shortages.

  4. D

    Distant suppliers offer more variety at lower cost.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A pilot reduces transport emissions and costs while raising farmer income and maintaining meal quality.

B provides evidence across the outcomes identified in the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 109HardLocal Food Procurement in Schools

Which finding would most weaken a rigid local-purchasing requirement?

  1. A

    Local produce is available during harvest season.

  2. B

    Farmers support shared collection centres.

  3. C

    Schools measure meal quality.

  4. D

    Frequent local shortages sharply increase prices and reduce nutritional variety.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Frequent local shortages sharply increase prices and reduce nutritional variety.

D shows serious costs of inflexible local sourcing.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 110MediumLocal Food Procurement in Schools

Why does the author compare a nearby farm with a distant consolidated supplier?

  1. A

    To show that distance alone may not determine transport efficiency

  2. B

    To prove that distant food is always fresher

  3. C

    To argue that small farms cannot cooperate

  4. D

    To establish that emissions are unmeasurable

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. To show that distance alone may not determine transport efficiency

A explains the challenge to proximity as a sufficient measure.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 11, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city library proposes staying open until midnight during examination season. Supporters cite high evening attendance as proof that longer hours improve student learning. Attendance establishes demand for space, but it does not by itself establish learning gains. Students may value reliable electricity, internet access, quiet rooms, or safe transport connections. The library should identify which need drives attendance. Keeping every floor open may be less useful than extending selected rooms with adequate staff and security. A pilot should measure hourly use, user groups, costs, safety incidents, and whether students lacking study space benefit most. It should also compare examination outcomes cautiously, since students who choose late hours may differ from those who do not. The proposal is promising, but its success should be judged by access and effective use rather than crowded rooms alone.

Question 111MediumExtended Library Hours

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Extended hours should be tested against access, use, cost, and safety outcomes.

  2. B

    Crowded rooms conclusively prove learning gains.

  3. C

    Libraries should close during examinations.

  4. D

    Every floor must remain open until midnight.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Extended hours should be tested against access, use, cost, and safety outcomes.

A captures the qualified recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 112HardExtended Library Hours

Why does evening attendance not prove improved learning?

  1. A

    Attendance can never be measured.

  2. B

    Students do not study in libraries.

  3. C

    Demand for space does not establish that the policy caused better learning.

  4. D

    All students have identical study conditions.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Demand for space does not establish that the policy caused better learning.

C identifies the unsupported causal inference.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 113MediumExtended Library Hours

Which finding would most strengthen the proposal?

  1. A

    Most late users already have quiet private study rooms.

  2. B

    A secure pilot is heavily used by students lacking study space and improves their access at reasonable cost.

  3. C

    Safety incidents rise sharply.

  4. D

    Staffing costs exceed the entire library budget.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A secure pilot is heavily used by students lacking study space and improves their access at reasonable cost.

B supports the policy on its stated access and cost criteria.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 114HardExtended Library Hours

Which finding would most weaken a citywide midnight schedule?

  1. A

    Students request more charging points.

  2. B

    Some users arrive after work.

  3. C

    Selected rooms can remain open securely.

  4. D

    Very few students attend after 9 p.m., while staffing and transport risks rise substantially.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Very few students attend after 9 p.m., while staffing and transport risks rise substantially.

D shows low benefit and high cost.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 115MediumExtended Library Hours

Why should examination outcomes be compared cautiously?

  1. A

    Late-hour users may differ from other students in ways that affect results.

  2. B

    Examinations have no outcomes.

  3. C

    Every library user studies the same subject.

  4. D

    Attendance automatically causes higher marks.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Late-hour users may differ from other students in ways that affect results.

A identifies selection as a competing explanation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A company trains a hiring system on profiles of employees previously rated successful. Managers assume that matching those profiles will identify the best future candidates. The assumption is risky because past ratings may reflect who received opportunities, supportive assignments, or favourable evaluation. Removing names from applications does not necessarily remove these patterns. Variables such as career gaps, postcode, or prior employer may act as indirect proxies. High agreement with past hiring decisions may therefore reproduce history rather than validate job performance. Before use, the company should define job-relevant outcomes, test errors across groups, examine proxy variables, and compare the system with structured human assessment. It should continue monitoring after deployment because applicant pools and jobs change. Automation can make decisions consistent without making the standard fair or accurate.

Question 116MediumAlgorithmic Hiring and Past Data

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Past hiring decisions are always fair.

  2. B

    Anonymous applications remove every source of bias.

  3. C

    Consistency alone proves job relevance.

  4. D

    A hiring system requires independent validation for fairness and performance.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. A hiring system requires independent validation for fairness and performance.

D captures the central recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 117HardAlgorithmic Hiring and Past Data

The managers' approach assumes that:

  1. A

    Career gaps are always irrelevant.

  2. B

    Past success ratings accurately represent job-relevant merit.

  3. C

    Automation changes the applicant pool.

  4. D

    Every prior employee had the same role.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Past success ratings accurately represent job-relevant merit.

B is necessary for past profiles to predict the desired outcome.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 118MediumAlgorithmic Hiring and Past Data

What is a proxy concern in the passage?

  1. A

    A variable may indirectly reproduce information or disadvantage removed from the application.

  2. B

    A variable always measures job performance directly.

  3. C

    Postcodes cannot appear in data.

  4. D

    Names are the only possible source of unequal outcomes.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Postcodes cannot appear in data.

C explains the role of indirect variables.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 119HardAlgorithmic Hiring and Past Data

Which finding would most strengthen confidence in the system?

  1. A

    Independent testing predicts later job performance and shows comparable error rates across groups.

  2. B

    The system agrees with every past decision.

  3. C

    Managers cannot explain the target outcome.

  4. D

    Proxy variables dominate recommendations.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Independent testing predicts later job performance and shows comparable error rates across groups.

A supplies job-related and fairness validation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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English Language310 questions with explanationsCurrent Affairs including General Knowledge310 questions with explanationsLegal Reasoning310 questions with explanationsQuantitative Techniques310 questions with explanations