CLAT UG question bank

Logical Reasoning MCQs for CLAT UG, Page 6

CLAT UG Logical Reasoning questions 120-143 of 310, with answer keys and explanations covering conclusions, assumptions, inferences, flaws, analogies, and arguments strengthened or weakened by evidence.

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Practice passage-based CLAT UG questions with answers for English, current affairs, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and quantitative techniques.

  • AI Summaries and Source Reading5
  • AI Translation and Error Rates5
  • Air Quality Alerts and Public Behaviour5
  • Algorithmic Hiring and Past Data5
  • Carbon Labels and Consumer Decisions5
  • Carbon Offsets and Additionality5
  • Cashless Buses and Boarding Time5
  • Citizen Science and Data Quality5
  • Classroom Cameras and Evidence5
  • Congestion Pricing and Urban Mobility5
  • Court Disposal Statistics5
  • Extended Library Hours5
  • Extended Library Hours and Borrowing5
  • Facial Recognition and Base Rates5
  • Facial Recognition and Public Evidence5
  • Fare-Free Public Transport5
  • Flood Maps and Property Risk5
  • Flood Sirens and False Alarms5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Choice5
  • Food Labels and Consumer Understanding5
  • Four-Day School Week Evidence5
  • Four-Day Workweek Evidence5
  • Free Bus Fares and Ridership Evidence5
  • Heat Action Plans and Evidence5
  • Heatwave Cooling Centres5
  • Hospital Wait-Time Targets5
  • Hospital Waiting-Time Targets5
  • Local Food Procurement in Schools5
  • Museum Repatriation and Digital Copies5
  • Noise Sensors and Complaint Data5
  • Open-Book Examinations and Learning5
  • Plagiarism Detectors and False Positives5
  • Police Body Cameras and Complaint Rates5
  • Predictive Maintenance for Water Pipes5
  • Predictive Policing and Feedback Loops5
  • Predictive Policing and Historical Data5
  • Public Art Surveys and Selection Bias5
  • Public Defender Caseload Statistics5
  • Public Libraries and Digital Access5
  • Public Wi-Fi and Digital Access5
  • Rainfall Forecasts and Probability5
  • Recorded Lectures and Learning Outcomes5
  • Recycling Bins and Waste Reduction5
  • Remote Work and Office Productivity5
  • Repairability and Consumer Choice5
  • Reusable Packaging Deposits5
  • River Cleanup and Downstream Waste5
  • Road Repair Complaints and Access5
  • School Breakfast and Attendance Evidence5
  • School Devices and Learning Evidence5
  • School Rankings and Attendance5
  • School Start Times and Evidence5
  • Street Lighting and Night Accidents5
  • Textbook Downloads and Learning5
  • Tree Planting and Urban Temperature Claims5
  • University Rankings and Measurement5
  • Urban Tree Planting and Survival5
  • Video Hearings and Case Disposal5
  • Water Meters and Household Consumption5
  • Water Pricing and Essential Access5
  • Wellness Apps and Sick Leave5
  • Wetland Tourism and Visitor Counts5
Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A company trains a hiring system on profiles of employees previously rated successful. Managers assume that matching those profiles will identify the best future candidates. The assumption is risky because past ratings may reflect who received opportunities, supportive assignments, or favourable evaluation. Removing names from applications does not necessarily remove these patterns. Variables such as career gaps, postcode, or prior employer may act as indirect proxies. High agreement with past hiring decisions may therefore reproduce history rather than validate job performance. Before use, the company should define job-relevant outcomes, test errors across groups, examine proxy variables, and compare the system with structured human assessment. It should continue monitoring after deployment because applicant pools and jobs change. Automation can make decisions consistent without making the standard fair or accurate.

Question 120MediumAlgorithmic Hiring and Past Data

Which statement follows most strongly from the passage?

  1. A

    A consistent process is necessarily unbiased.

  2. B

    Human assessment should never be used.

  3. C

    A model needs testing only before deployment.

  4. D

    Stable decision-making can repeatedly apply an unfair standard.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Stable decision-making can repeatedly apply an unfair standard.

D follows from the final sentence.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 12, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A retailer proposes placing carbon-footprint numbers on food packages. It expects shoppers to choose lower-emission products. Information may help, but a single number can conceal assumptions about transport, farming, refrigeration, and waste. Labels are useful only if methods are comparable and understandable. A precise-looking figure may mislead when producers use different boundaries. Consumers may also care about price, nutrition, or working conditions, so unchanged purchasing does not prove that environmental information has no value. The retailer should pilot labels with a common method, a brief explanation, and independent verification. It should test comprehension, purchasing patterns, supplier changes, and whether products merely shift emissions outside the measured boundary. Transparency requires more than publishing a number. It requires making the number interpretable and accountable.

Question 121MediumCarbon Labels and Consumer Decisions

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Carbon labels require comparable, understandable, and verified methods to provide meaningful transparency.

  2. B

    Every carbon number is misleading.

  3. C

    Price is the only factor in food choice.

  4. D

    Labels automatically reduce emissions.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Carbon labels require comparable, understandable, and verified methods to provide meaningful transparency.

A captures the author's qualified recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 122HardCarbon Labels and Consumer Decisions

The claim that labels change purchases assumes that:

  1. A

    All products have the same price.

  2. B

    Consumers can understand and use the environmental information presented.

  3. C

    Nutrition has no influence on choice.

  4. D

    Suppliers never alter production.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Consumers can understand and use the environmental information presented.

B is necessary for the label to affect decisions.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 123MediumCarbon Labels and Consumer Decisions

Which finding would most strengthen the proposed pilot?

  1. A

    Different suppliers use incompatible boundaries.

  2. B

    Consumers misunderstand larger numbers as better.

  3. C

    Verified common labels improve comprehension and shift demand toward genuinely lower-emission products.

  4. D

    Emissions move into unmeasured activities.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Verified common labels improve comprehension and shift demand toward genuinely lower-emission products.

C supports comparability, understanding, and real impact.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 124HardCarbon Labels and Consumer Decisions

Which finding would most weaken reliance on the displayed numbers?

  1. A

    Labels include a short explanation.

  2. B

    An independent body verifies calculations.

  3. C

    Consumers consider nutrition as well as emissions.

  4. D

    Producers exclude major stages differently, making product figures incomparable.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Producers exclude major stages differently, making product figures incomparable.

D undermines the validity of comparisons.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 125MediumCarbon Labels and Consumer Decisions

Why does unchanged purchasing not prove that labels are worthless?

  1. A

    Consumers may value the information while other considerations still determine the final choice.

  2. B

    Purchasing can never be measured.

  3. C

    Every shopper ignores prices.

  4. D

    Information matters only when behaviour changes immediately.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Consumers may value the information while other considerations still determine the final choice.

A follows from the multiple factors described in the second paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A water utility plans to predict pipe failures using records of past leaks. Replacing the highest-risk pipes first could reduce water loss. Yet leak records are incomplete: visible failures are reported quickly, while underground losses may remain undetected. Older neighbourhoods may appear riskier because their networks are inspected more often. A model trained only on recorded leaks could direct further inspection to the same places and overlook poorly monitored areas. The utility should combine leak records with pipe age, material, pressure, soil conditions, sensor data, and systematic sampling. It should compare predicted failures with later observations and publish uncertainty rather than assign false precision. Prediction can improve maintenance, but only if the data describe infrastructure risk rather than merely the history of where the utility looked.

Question 126MediumPredictive Maintenance for Water Pipes

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Recorded leaks perfectly measure pipe risk.

  2. B

    Inspection history is irrelevant.

  3. C

    Prediction should replace all physical inspection.

  4. D

    The utility must correct for uneven detection before using leak records to prioritise maintenance.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The utility must correct for uneven detection before using leak records to prioritise maintenance.

D captures the central data-quality warning.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 127HardPredictive Maintenance for Water Pipes

Why might older neighbourhoods appear unusually risky?

  1. A

    They contain no underground pipes.

  2. B

    More frequent inspection may produce more recorded problems.

  3. C

    Soil conditions never vary.

  4. D

    Sensors prevent every leak.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. More frequent inspection may produce more recorded problems.

B identifies detection intensity as an alternative explanation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 128MediumPredictive Maintenance for Water Pipes

Which evidence would most strengthen confidence in the model?

  1. A

    Predictions accurately identify later failures in systematically sampled monitored and previously unmonitored areas.

  2. B

    The model repeats the old inspection schedule.

  3. C

    Risk scores contain many decimal places.

  4. D

    Only visible leaks are included.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Predictions accurately identify later failures in systematically sampled monitored and previously unmonitored areas.

A provides independent and broader validation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 129HardPredictive Maintenance for Water Pipes

Which finding would most weaken the existing leak-record model?

  1. A

    Pipe age is available.

  2. B

    The utility publishes uncertainty.

  3. C

    Large underground losses occur mainly in areas with little past inspection and low predicted risk.

  4. D

    Some leaks are visible.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Large underground losses occur mainly in areas with little past inspection and low predicted risk.

C shows that the model misses failures where observation was weak.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 130MediumPredictive Maintenance for Water Pipes

What does the phrase "false precision" refer to?

  1. A

    Reporting exact-looking risk scores without adequate evidence for that level of certainty

  2. B

    Using more than one data source

  3. C

    Replacing damaged pipes

  4. D

    Measuring water pressure

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Reporting exact-looking risk scores without adequate evidence for that level of certainty

A is the best interpretation in context.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 13, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A municipality claims that installing free Wi-Fi in public squares will close the digital divide. The service may improve access, but signal availability is only one barrier. People may lack devices, digital skills, accessible interfaces, or confidence that the network is secure. Usage counts can also mislead. Repeated connections by a small group may look like broad reach, while users completing essential tasks may matter more than total logins. The city should pilot the service alongside device lending, basic training, clear privacy terms, and technical support. It should measure unique users, task completion, reliability, accessibility, and whether people previously excluded gain useful access. Public Wi-Fi can be part of digital inclusion, but it should not be confused with inclusion itself.

Question 131MediumPublic Wi-Fi and Digital Access

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Public Wi-Fi should be evaluated as one part of a broader inclusion strategy.

  2. B

    Signal availability eliminates every digital barrier.

  3. C

    Total logins fully measure useful access.

  4. D

    Municipalities should stop providing internet.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Public Wi-Fi should be evaluated as one part of a broader inclusion strategy.

A captures the qualified recommendation.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 132HardPublic Wi-Fi and Digital Access

The municipality's original claim assumes that:

  1. A

    Every public square is crowded.

  2. B

    Internet availability is the principal barrier preventing meaningful digital participation.

  3. C

    People prefer private networks.

  4. D

    Device ownership cannot be measured.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Internet availability is the principal barrier preventing meaningful digital participation.

B is required for Wi-Fi alone to close the divide.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 133MediumPublic Wi-Fi and Digital Access

Which finding would most strengthen the pilot?

  1. A

    Most logins come repeatedly from a few existing users.

  2. B

    The network frequently fails.

  3. C

    Previously excluded residents use supported access to complete essential applications successfully.

  4. D

    Privacy terms remain unavailable.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Previously excluded residents use supported access to complete essential applications successfully.

C directly demonstrates meaningful inclusion.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 134HardPublic Wi-Fi and Digital Access

Which finding would most weaken reliance on total login counts?

  1. A

    The signal reaches every square.

  2. B

    Training is available weekly.

  3. C

    Users complete government forms.

  4. D

    A small number of devices generate most connections while many residents remain unable to participate.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. A small number of devices generate most connections while many residents remain unable to participate.

D shows why connection totals overstate reach.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 135MediumPublic Wi-Fi and Digital Access

Which statement follows most strongly from the passage?

  1. A

    Access should be measured by useful participation, not infrastructure presence alone.

  2. B

    Device lending makes networks unnecessary.

  3. C

    Digital skills have no relation to access.

  4. D

    Every secure network is accessible.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Access should be measured by useful participation, not infrastructure presence alone.

A reflects the distinction made throughout the passage.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A food-delivery platform proposes charging a refundable deposit for reusable containers. It predicts less packaging waste because customers will return containers for cleaning and reuse. The result depends on return rates, transport, washing, durability, and the number of times each container is reused. A heavy container returned over a long distance may create costs that a simple count of avoided disposable boxes misses. The platform should test collection points, home pickup, deposit amounts, and reminders. It should measure actual reuse cycles, loss, breakage, water and energy use, transport, and customer access. A deposit too low may not motivate return, while one too high may exclude customers with limited cash. The scheme should be judged by total environmental impact and participation, not by the reusable label alone.

Question 136MediumReusable Packaging Deposits

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Reusable containers always reduce impact.

  2. B

    Deposits should be as high as possible.

  3. C

    Disposable packaging has no cost.

  4. D

    The scheme requires evaluation of full impact, return behaviour, and accessibility.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. The scheme requires evaluation of full impact, return behaviour, and accessibility.

D captures the author's evaluation framework.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 137HardReusable Packaging Deposits

The platform's prediction assumes that:

  1. A

    Returned containers will be reused enough times to offset collection and cleaning impacts.

  2. B

    Every customer has unlimited cash.

  3. C

    Transport creates no emissions.

  4. D

    Reusable containers never break.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Returned containers will be reused enough times to offset collection and cleaning impacts.

A is necessary for the scheme to reduce waste and impact.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 138MediumReusable Packaging Deposits

Which result would most strengthen the scheme?

  1. A

    Most containers are lost after one use.

  2. B

    High return and repeated reuse produce lower measured lifecycle impact without excluding customers.

  3. C

    Washing uses unexpectedly high energy.

  4. D

    Long collection trips outweigh avoided packaging.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. High return and repeated reuse produce lower measured lifecycle impact without excluding customers.

B supports both environmental and access goals.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 139HardReusable Packaging Deposits

Which finding would most weaken the scheme?

  1. A

    Customers understand the refund rule.

  2. B

    Containers survive many uses.

  3. C

    Low return rates mean most heavy containers are used once and discarded.

  4. D

    Collection points are near common routes.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Low return rates mean most heavy containers are used once and discarded.

C removes the reuse benefit while retaining added material cost.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 140MediumReusable Packaging Deposits

Why can a very high deposit be problematic?

  1. A

    It guarantees low return rates.

  2. B

    It makes containers disposable.

  3. C

    It prevents cleaning.

  4. D

    It may exclude customers who cannot temporarily spare the money.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. It may exclude customers who cannot temporarily spare the money.

D states the access concern in the third paragraph.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 14, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Passage or principleOriginal argumentative passage

A city opens cooling centres during heatwaves and reports success because all available seats are occupied. Full rooms show demand, but not whether the centres reach those at greatest risk. Locations may be far from informal settlements, opening hours may exclude outdoor workers, and users may avoid centres where identity documents are requested. Capacity can also be too low, making full occupancy evidence of unmet demand rather than adequate service. The city should map heat vulnerability, track people turned away, provide safe transport, and compare hours with work patterns. It should measure reach, repeat use, health referrals, indoor conditions, and awareness among groups at risk. Occupancy is useful operational information. It becomes misleading only when treated as a complete measure of protection.

Question 141MediumHeatwave Cooling Centres

Which statement best expresses the author's conclusion?

  1. A

    Cooling centres should be assessed by reach and protection, not occupancy alone.

  2. B

    Full rooms prove adequate citywide capacity.

  3. C

    Heat vulnerability cannot be mapped.

  4. D

    Cooling centres should require identity documents.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Cooling centres should be assessed by reach and protection, not occupancy alone.

A captures the author's evaluation standard.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 15, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 142HardHeatwave Cooling Centres

The city's claim assumes that:

  1. A

    Every heatwave lasts one day.

  2. B

    People occupying available seats represent those who most need protection.

  3. C

    Transport has no effect on access.

  4. D

    Outdoor workers use centres at night.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. People occupying available seats represent those who most need protection.

B is required for occupancy to establish successful protection.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 15, prepared in the official passage-based format.

Question 143MediumHeatwave Cooling Centres

Which finding would most strengthen the programme?

  1. A

    Centres repeatedly turn away high-risk residents.

  2. B

    Most locations are inaccessible.

  3. C

    Expanded centres reach mapped high-risk groups and are associated with fewer heat-related emergencies.

  4. D

    Occupancy is counted without user information.

View answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Expanded centres reach mapped high-risk groups and are associated with fewer heat-related emergencies.

C provides evidence of reach and health benefit.

Source note: Original LexMentor CLAT UG Batch 15, prepared in the official passage-based format.

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English Language310 questions with explanationsCurrent Affairs including General Knowledge310 questions with explanationsLegal Reasoning310 questions with explanationsQuantitative Techniques310 questions with explanations